National Affairs
Goa’s Ozzo Feni Earns Prestigious GI Tag
In June 2025, Ozzo Feni, crafted by Cazcar Distillery in Nanora village near Panaji, Goa, was awarded a Geographical Indication (GI) tag by the Chennai-based Geographical Indication Registry, operating under the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce and Industry. This marks the first time a feni, a traditional Goan spirit, has received this recognition, elevating its global status akin to Scotch whisky or Champagne.
- Background: Feni, introduced by Portuguese missionaries in the 1600s, is derived from the fermentation and double distillation of cashew apples or coconut sap.
- Significance: The GI tag enhances Feni’s international marketability, protects its authenticity, and promotes Goa’s cultural heritage.
About Goa: - Chief Minister: Pramod Sawant
- Governor: P.S. Sreedharan Pillai
- Capital: Panaji
- Wildlife Sanctuaries: Cotigao WLS, Bhagwan Mahavir WLS
Nirmala Sitharaman Leads NIIF’s 6th Governing Council Meeting
On June 9, 2025, Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman chaired the 6th Governing Council meeting of the National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF) in New Delhi. The meeting highlighted NIIF’s transformation into a sovereign-linked asset manager and its success in forging global partnerships.
- Additional Event: Sitharaman, alongside Minister of State Pankaj Chaudhary, inaugurated the new corporate office of the Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited (SPMCIL) at World Trade Centre, Nauroji Nagar, New Delhi.
About NIIFL: - CEO & MD: Sanjiv Aggarwal
- Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra
- Established: 2015
G. Kishan Reddy Unveils C CARES Version 2.0 for Coal Workers
Union Minister G. Kishan Reddy, overseeing the Ministries of Coal and Mines, launched C CARES Version 2.0, a revamped web portal for the Coal Mines Provident Fund Organization (CMPFO), in New Delhi in June 2025. Developed by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, this platform supports the Digital India initiative’s vision of efficient governance.
- Key Features:
- Streamlines provident fund and pension disbursements via a unified digital system.
- Offers real-time claim tracking, seamless processing, and enhanced transparency.
- Integrates with State Bank of India for Direct Benefit Transfers.
- Initially launched in five regional offices, with nationwide rollout planned by July 1, 2025.
About CMPFO:
- Commissioner: Vijay Kumar Mishra
- Headquarters: Dhanbad, Jharkhand
- Established: 1948
Amit Shah Launches Bharatiya Bhasha Anubhag to Promote Regional Languages
In June 2025, Union Home Minister Amit Shah introduced the Bharatiya Bhasha Anubhag (Indian Languages Section) under the Department of Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs, in New Delhi. This initiative aims to reduce reliance on English in administration by promoting India’s 22 Scheduled Languages.
- Key Features:
- Collaborates with C-DAC to develop an AI-driven universal translation system for real-time document and communication translation.
- Enables officials to use their mother tongues for administrative tasks, enhancing governance accessibility.
- Budget Allocation: Rs. 56 crore in Union Budget 2024-25.
- Context: Under the Official Language Rules, 1976, English is mandatory for communication with Region C states (e.g., Tamil Nadu, Kerala). The BBA seeks to bridge this gap.
President Murmu Promulgates Ladakh Official Languages Regulation 2025
In June 2025, President Droupadi Murmu enacted the Ladakh Official Languages Regulation, 2025, designating English, Hindi, Urdu, Bhoti, and Purgi as official languages of the Union Territory of Ladakh. The regulation ensures English’s continued use for official purposes and mandates the creation of an Academy of Art, Culture, and Languages to promote native languages like Shina, Brokskat, Balti, and Ladakhi.
- Other Reforms:
- Ladakh Reservation (Amendment) Regulation, 2025: Provides 85% reservation in public employment for Ladakh residents, plus 10% for EWS, totaling 95%.
- Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Councils (Amendment) Regulation, 2025: Reserves one-third of seats for women in Leh and Kargil councils, with rotational constituencies.
Finland Opens Honorary Consulate in Ahmedabad
On June 9, 2025, Finland’s Ambassador to India, Kimmo Lähdevirta, inaugurated an Honorary Consulate in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, appointing Kulin Lalbhai, Vice Chairman of Arvind Limited, as Honorary Consul.
- Objectives:
- Strengthens diplomatic and commercial ties between Finland and Gujarat.
- Promotes collaboration in clean energy, circular economy, skilling, and sustainable design.
- Facilitates B2B partnerships and supports Finnish citizens and enterprises in India.
International Affairs
UNFPA’s 2025 State of World Population Report
In June 2025, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) released its State of World Population (SOWP) Report 2025, titled “The Real Fertility Crisis: The Pursuit of Reproductive Agency in a Changing World.”
- Key Findings:
- One in five people globally cannot achieve desired fertility due to costs, job insecurity, and housing issues.
- Global fertility rate has declined from 5.0 in 1950 to 2.25, projected to reach 2.1 by 2050.
- India’s fertility rate is at replacement level (2.0), but regional disparities and barriers to reproductive choices persist.
- India’s population doubling time is now 79 years, reflecting a swift demographic transition.
- Survey: Conducted by YouGov across 14 countries, including India, Brazil, and the USA.
Banking & Finance
DFCC Bank Lists Green Bonds on NSE IX
On June 9, 2025, Sri Lanka’s DFCC Bank became the first foreign corporate to list Green Bonds worth LKR 2.5 billion on the National Stock Exchange – International Exchange (NSE IX) at GIFT IFSC, Gujarat.
- Purpose: Funds will support solar energy projects in Sri Lanka, aligning with the country’s 70% renewable electricity goal by 2030.
- Compliance: Adheres to Sri Lanka Green Finance Taxonomy and ICMA Green Bond Principles.
About DFCC Bank: - Chairman: Jegatheesan Durairatnam
- Headquarters: Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Founded: 1955
Economy & Business
World Bank’s GDP Growth Forecast for India
The World Bank’s June 2025 Global Economic Prospects report projects India’s GDP growth at:
- 6.3% for FY26 (down 40 bps from January 2025).
- 6.5% for FY27 (down 20 bps).
- 6.7% for FY28.
- Global Outlook: Global GDP growth is forecasted at 2.3% for 2025 and 2.4% for 2026, with inflation at 2.9% in 2025-26, easing to 2.5% in 2027.
BEL and Tata Electronics Partner for Semiconductor Development
In June 2025, Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) and Tata Electronics Private Limited (TEPL) signed an MoU to develop indigenous semiconductor solutions.
- Focus Areas: Semiconductor fabrication, OSAT, and design services for components like Microcontrollers and Systems-on-Chip.
- Goal: Reduce India’s reliance on imported semiconductors and strengthen the domestic electronics ecosystem.
TCS and Virgin Atlantic’s AI and Cloud Deal
Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) and Virgin Atlantic signed a seven-year partnership in June 2025 to drive digital transformation through AI and cloud technologies.
- Key Features:
- Deployment of a cloud-first, AI-driven digital core.
- Establishment of a Technology Command Centre for real-time insights.
- Focus on crew management, cargo, and engineering platforms.
- Sustainability: Supports Virgin Atlantic’s net-zero carbon emissions goal by 2050.
Andhra Pradesh’s AI and Energy Initiatives
- MoU with NVIDIA: Andhra Pradesh signed an MoU with NVIDIA to build an AI ecosystem, including training 10,000 students, supporting 500 AI startups, and establishing India’s first AI University.
- MoU with NITI Aayog & ISEG: Focuses on an energy transition roadmap, targeting 78.5 GW solar, 35 GW wind, and 150 MMTPA green hydrogen by 2029.
- Power Demand: Expected to rise from 69.7 BU in 2025 to 163.9 BU by 2035.
Awards & Recognitions
MS Dhoni Inducted into ICC Hall of Fame
In June 2025, former Indian cricket captain MS Dhoni was inducted into the ICC Hall of Fame alongside six other cricketers, including Sana Mir (Pakistan) and Sarah Taylor (England).
- Achievements: Only captain to win all three ICC white-ball trophies (T20 World Cup 2007, ODI World Cup 2011, Champions Trophy 2013).
- Total Inductees: 122, with Dhoni as the 11th Indian.
Anahat Singh’s PSA Awards Triumph
Indian squash player Anahat Singh won two PSA Awards in June 2025: Women’s Challenger Player of the Season and Women’s Young Player of the Season (shared with Amina Orfi).
- Performance: Won 9 titles, including the Indian Open, and secured a top-70 world ranking.
- Junior Success: Under-17 title at British Junior Open 2025 and bronze at Asian Junior Squash Team Championships.
Appointments & Resignations
T. Rabi Sankar Joins 16th Finance Commission
RBI Deputy Governor T. Rabi Sankar was appointed as a part-time member of the 16th Finance Commission in June 2025, replacing Ajay Narayan.
- Tenure: Until October 31, 2025, or the submission of the commission’s report.
- Chairman: Arvind Panagariya
Sudarshan Venu Named CMD of TVS Motor
TVS Motor appointed Sudarshan Venu as Chairman and Managing Director effective August 25, 2025, succeeding Sir Ralf Speth, who will serve as Chief Mentor.
- Background: Venu has held leadership roles in TVS Motor since 2011 and was featured in Fortune India’s 40 Under 40 list in 2024.
Acquisitions & Mergers
CCI Approvals (June 10, 2025)
- Acquisition of 40% stake in Kolte-Patil Developers by BREP Asia III for Rs. 1,167 crore.
- Havells India’s acquisition of less than 10% stake in Goldi Solar and 100% partnership interest in Vama Inverters and Goldi Energy.
Bajaj Finserv Stake Sale
Institutional investors, including SBI Mutual Fund and Goldman Sachs, acquired a 1.8% stake in Bajaj Finserv for Rs. 5,506 crore, reducing promoter holding to 58.84%.
Science & Technology
TakeMe2Space’s AI-Powered Satellite
Hyderabad-based TakeMe2Space will launch India’s first ‘thinking data compute’ satellite by September 2025 via ISRO’s SSLV.
- Features: Onboard AI for real-time data processing in environmental monitoring, agriculture, and education.
- Accessibility: Priced at USD 2 per minute via the OrbitLab platform.
About ISRO: - Chairman: V. Narayanan
- Headquarters: Bengaluru, Karnataka
- Established: 1969
Environment
‘Rajnath Aam’ Mango Variety
Horticulturist Haji Kalimullah Khan developed a new mango variety, ‘Rajnath Aam,’ named after Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, using his grafting technique in Malihabad, Lucknow.
- Legacy: Khan has named mangoes after figures like Narendra Modi and Sachin Tendulkar.
- Recognition: Padma Shri in 2008 for developing over 300 mango varieties.
Obituary
Thennala Balakrishna Pillai Passes Away
Veteran Congress leader Thennala Balakrishna Pillai died on June 6, 2025, at 95 in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
- Career:
- KPCC President (1998-2001, 2004-2005).
- MLA from Adoor (1977-1980, 1982-1987).
- Rajya Sabha member (1991-1998, 2003-2009).
Important Days
International Day of Play 2025 – June 11
The UN’s International Day of Play, observed on June 11, emphasizes play’s role in human development, especially for children.
- Theme: “Choose Play – Every Day”
- Background: Established by UNGA Resolution A/RES/78/268 in 2024.
About UNICEF: - Executive Director: Catherine M Russell
- Headquarters: New York, USA
- Established: 1946
25 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Based on the Post
- Which distillery produces Ozzo Feni, the first feni to receive a GI tag?
A) Nanora Distillery
B) Cazcar Distillery
C) Panaji Distillery
D) Goa Spirits
Answer: B) Cazcar Distillery - Who is the Chief Minister of Goa?
A) P.S. Sreedharan Pillai
B) Pramod Sawant
C) Sanjiv Aggarwal
D) Vijay Kumar Mishra
Answer: B) Pramod Sawant - Where was the 6th Governing Council meeting of NIIF held?
A) Mumbai
B) New Delhi
C) Chennai
D) Ahmedabad
Answer: B) New Delhi - Who is the CEO and MD of NIIFL?
A) Nirmala Sitharaman
B) Pankaj Chaudhary
C) Sanjiv Aggarwal
D) Vijay Kumar Mishra
Answer: C) Sanjiv Aggarwal - Which organization developed the C CARES Version 2.0 portal?
A) State Bank of India
B) C-DAC
C) CMPFO
D) NITI Aayog
Answer: B) C-DAC - What is the primary purpose of C CARES Version 2.0?
A) Promote regional languages
B) Streamline PF and pension disbursements
C) Support AI research
D) Enhance diplomatic ties
Answer: B) Streamline PF and pension disbursements - Which ministry oversees the Bharatiya Bhasha Anubhag?
A) Ministry of Finance
B) Ministry of Home Affairs
C) Ministry of Coal
D) Ministry of Defence
Answer: B) Ministry of Home Affairs - How much was allocated for the Bharatiya Bhasha Anubhag platform in the Union Budget 2024-25?
A) Rs. 56 crore
B) Rs. 65 crore
C) Rs. 50 crore
D) Rs. 75 crore
Answer: A) Rs. 56 crore - Which language is NOT an official language of Ladakh under the 2025 Regulation?
A) Bhoti
B) Purgi
C) Tamil
D) Urdu
Answer: C) Tamil - What is the reservation percentage for Ladakh residents in public employment under the 2025 Regulation?
A) 85%
B) 95%
C) 75%
D) 90%
Answer: A) 85% - Who was appointed as Finland’s Honorary Consul in Ahmedabad?
A) Kimmo Lähdevirta
B) Kulin Lalbhai
C) Jegatheesan Durairatnam
D) Sanjiv Aggarwal
Answer: B) Kulin Lalbhai - What is the title of UNFPA’s 2025 SOWP Report?
A) The Real Fertility Crisis
B) Global Population Dynamics
C) Reproductive Challenges
D) Demographic Transitions
Answer: A) The Real Fertility Crisis - What is India’s current fertility rate as per the UNFPA report?
A) 2.25
B) 2.0
C) 2.1
D) 1.8
Answer: B) 2.0 - Which bank became the first foreign corporate to list Green Bonds on NSE IX?
A) SBI
B) DFCC Bank
C) HDFC Bank
D) ICICI Bank
Answer: B) DFCC Bank - What is the World Bank’s GDP growth forecast for India in FY26?
A) 6.7%
B) 6.5%
C) 6.3%
D) 6.0%
Answer: C) 6.3% - Which companies signed an MoU for semiconductor development?
A) TCS and NVIDIA
B) BEL and Tata Electronics
C) Virgin Atlantic and TCS
D) IBM and AP Government
Answer: B) BEL and Tata Electronics - What is the duration of the TCS-Virgin Atlantic partnership signed in June 2025?
A) 5 years
B) 7 years
C) 10 years
D) 3 years
Answer: B) 7 years - How many AI startups in Andhra Pradesh will join NVIDIA’s Inception Program?
A) 500
B) 1000
C) 250
D) 750
Answer: A) 500 - What is Andhra Pradesh’s solar power target by 2029?
A) 35 GW
B) 78.5 GW
C) 22 GW
D) 25 GW
Answer: B) 78.5 GW - Who was inducted into the ICC Hall of Fame in June 2025?
A) Virat Kohli
B) MS Dhoni
C) Rohit Sharma
D) Yuvraj Singh
Answer: B) MS Dhoni - How many titles did Anahat Singh win in the 2024-25 squash season?
A) 7
B) 8
C) 9
D) 10
Answer: C) 9 - Who was appointed as a part-time member of the 16th Finance Commission?
A) Arvind Panagariya
B) T. Rabi Sankar
C) Ajay Narayan
D) Sudarshan Venu
Answer: B) T. Rabi Sankar - What is the name of the AI-powered satellite to be launched by TakeMe2Space?
A) OrbitLab
B) My Orbital Infrastructure-1
C) SSLV-1
D) Data Compute-1
Answer: B) My Orbital Infrastructure-1 - Who developed the ‘Rajnath Aam’ mango variety?
A) Rajnath Singh
B) Haji Kalimullah Khan
C) Narendra Modi
D) Amit Shah
Answer: B) Haji Kalimullah Khan - What is the theme of the International Day of Play 2025?
A) Play for All
B) Choose Play – Every Day
C) Celebrate Play
D) Power of Play
Answer: B) Choose Play – Every Day
Three UPSC-Relevant Questions with 500-Word Answers
Question 1: Discuss the significance of the Geographical Indication (GI) tag for Goa’s Ozzo Feni and its potential impact on India’s cultural and economic landscape. (500 words)
Answer:
The conferment of a Geographical Indication (GI) tag to Goa’s Ozzo Feni in June 2025 by the Geographical Indication Registry marks a historic milestone for India’s traditional beverage industry. As the first feni to receive this recognition, Ozzo Feni, produced by Cazcar Distillery in Nanora village, exemplifies the intersection of cultural preservation and economic opportunity. The GI tag, awarded under the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, elevates Feni’s status to that of globally renowned spirits like Scotch whisky and Champagne, ensuring its authenticity and origin are protected under international trade laws.
Feni, a spirit distilled from cashew apples or coconut sap, is deeply embedded in Goa’s cultural fabric, tracing its origins to Portuguese missionaries in the 1600s. The GI tag not only safeguards this heritage but also enhances its global marketability by guaranteeing quality and authenticity. This recognition is likely to boost exports, as international consumers increasingly value products with distinct regional identities. Economically, it supports local farmers and distillers by creating demand for cashew apples, a key ingredient, thereby strengthening Goa’s agricultural sector. The tag also promotes tourism, as visitors seek authentic Feni experiences, contributing to the state’s economy, which already thrives on its vibrant cultural and natural attractions, such as Cotigao and Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuaries.
On a broader scale, the GI tag for Feni sets a precedent for other traditional Indian products, encouraging their protection and promotion. India currently has over 400 GI-tagged products, including Darjeeling tea and Banarasi sarees, which collectively showcase the country’s diverse heritage. By securing intellectual property rights for such products, India can combat counterfeiting and enhance its position in global markets. This aligns with the government’s ‘Make in India’ and ‘Vocal for Local’ initiatives, which aim to promote indigenous products and foster economic self-reliance.
However, challenges remain. The GI tag’s benefits depend on effective marketing, quality control, and infrastructure development. Small-scale distillers may struggle to meet international standards, necessitating government support through training and subsidies. Additionally, awareness campaigns are crucial to educate global consumers about Feni’s unique attributes. The success of Feni could inspire other states to seek GI tags for their traditional products, fostering regional pride and economic growth.
In conclusion, the GI tag for Ozzo Feni is a significant step toward preserving India’s cultural heritage while unlocking economic potential. It highlights the importance of intellectual property in promoting traditional products and underscores the need for coordinated efforts to maximize their global impact. By leveraging this recognition, India can strengthen its cultural identity and economic standing, paving the way for a more inclusive and sustainable growth model.
Question 2: Evaluate the role of the Bharatiya Bhasha Anubhag in promoting linguistic diversity and its implications for governance in India. (500 words)
Answer:
The launch of the Bharatiya Bhasha Anubhag (BBA) by Union Home Minister Amit Shah in June 2025 under the Department of Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs, represents a transformative initiative to promote India’s linguistic diversity and enhance governance accessibility. By reducing administrative reliance on English and fostering the use of the 22 Scheduled Languages, the BBA aligns with the vision of inclusive governance and cultural preservation. Collaborating with the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), the BBA introduces an AI-driven universal translation system to facilitate real-time translation of documents and communication, ensuring linguistic nuances are preserved.
India’s linguistic diversity, with over 19,500 dialects and 22 Scheduled Languages, is a cornerstone of its cultural identity. However, the dominance of English in official communication, particularly with Region C states like Tamil Nadu and Kerala under the Official Language Rules, 1976, has often alienated non-English-speaking populations. The BBA addresses this by enabling officials to use their mother tongues for administrative tasks, making governance more relatable and efficient. The AI translation system ensures seamless communication between the Centre and states, bridging linguistic divides and fostering cooperative federalism. The allocation of Rs. 56 crore in the Union Budget 2024-25 underscores the government’s commitment to this initiative.
The implications for governance are profound. By empowering officials to work in their native languages, the BBA enhances decision-making clarity and reduces miscommunication, leading to more effective policy implementation. It also democratizes access to government services, particularly for rural and marginalized communities, aligning with the Digital India initiative’s goal of ‘Minimum Government, Maximum Governance.’ Furthermore, the initiative promotes cultural inclusivity by valuing regional languages, which strengthens national unity while respecting diversity. This is particularly significant in a country where language-based identity has historically influenced political and social dynamics.
However, challenges include the need for robust technological infrastructure and training to ensure the AI system’s accuracy across diverse linguistic contexts. Resistance from regions accustomed to English as a link language may also arise, necessitating awareness campaigns to highlight the benefits of mother-tongue governance. Additionally, the BBA must ensure equitable representation of all Scheduled Languages to avoid perceptions of linguistic hierarchy.
In conclusion, the Bharatiya Bhasha Anubhag is a visionary step toward linguistic inclusivity and efficient governance. By leveraging AI to promote regional languages, it addresses longstanding barriers to administrative accessibility while celebrating India’s linguistic heritage. Its success will depend on effective implementation, stakeholder collaboration, and technological advancements. If sustained, the BBA could serve as a model for multilingual nations, reinforcing India’s commitment to unity in diversity and setting a global benchmark for inclusive governance.
Question 3: Analyze the strategic importance of Andhra Pradesh’s MoUs with NVIDIA and NITI Aayog in positioning India as a global leader in AI and clean energy. (500 words)
Answer:
Andhra Pradesh’s Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) with NVIDIA and NITI Aayog & ISEG Foundation, signed in June and 2024 respectively, are strategic initiatives to position India as a global leader in artificial intelligence (AI) and clean energy. These partnerships reflect India’s ambitions to leverage cutting-edge technology and sustainable development to drive economic growth, innovation, and global competitiveness, aligning with national priorities such as Digital India and the Net Zero emissions target by 2070.
The MoU with NVIDIA aims to build a robust AI ecosystem in Andhra Pradesh by fostering education, entrepreneurship, and research. Key initiatives include training 10,000 engineering students in AI over two years, integrating 500 startups into NVIDIA’s Inception Program for global exposure, and establishing India’s first AI University for advanced research. These efforts will democratize access to AI technology, creating a skilled workforce and fostering innovation in sectors like agriculture, healthcare, and governance. The planned Quantum Computing Village in Amaravati, developed with IBM and TCS, complements this vision, positioning Andhra Pradesh as a hub for next-generation technologies. By nurturing AI talent and infrastructure, the state contributes to India’s goal of becoming a $1 trillion digital economy, enhancing its global standing in a technology-driven world.
Simultaneously, the MoU with NITI Aayog and ISEG Foundation focuses on an energy transition roadmap, targeting ambitious renewable energy goals by 2029, including 78.5 GW solar, 35 GW wind, and 150 MMTPA green hydrogen. With Andhra Pradesh’s electricity demand projected to 163.9 BU by 2035, driven by industrial and residential sectors, this roadmap addresses energy security and sustainability promoting sustainability. The emphasis on green hydrogen, battery storage, and EV infrastructure aligns with India’s clean energy commitments under the Paris Agreement. Andhra Pradesh’s Integrated Clean Energy Policy not only supports local industries but also attracts global investors, fostering a green economy ecosystem. This partnership leverages NITI Aayog’s policy expertise to ensure scalability, making Andhra Pradesh a model for other states.
Strategically, these MoUs enhance India’s global leadership by combining technological prowess with sustainable development. The NVIDIA collaboration positions India as a competitor to in AI innovation hubs like Silicon Valley, reducing reliance on foreign technology. The energy transition roadmap strengthens India’s role in global climate action, showcasing its ability to balance growth with environmental responsibility. Together, these initiatives create synergies, as AI can optimize energy systems, enhancing efficiency and sustainability.
Challenges include ensuring equitable access to AI education and managing the high costs of renewable energy infrastructure. Coordination between stakeholders and addressing skill gaps will be critical.
In conclusion, Andhra Pradesh’s MoUs with NVIDIA and NITI Aayog-ISEG are transformative steps toward positioning India as a leader in AI and clean energy. By fostering innovation, and sustainability, and scalability, these partnerships bolster India’s global influence, setting a precedent for technology-driven, sustainable development. Their success will depend on effective execution and inclusive policies, ensuring benefits reach all sections of society.
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