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Basic Articles of Indian Constitution (1–395)

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Article Number	Title	Description
1	Name and territory of the Union	India is a Union of States.
2	Admission or establishment of new States	Parliament may admit new States into the Union.
3	Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries, or names of existing States	Parliament may reorganize States.
4	Laws relating to the amendment of the First Schedule and supplemental provisions	Parliament can make laws to support State reorganization.
5	Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution	Defines who were citizens when the Constitution came into effect.
6	Rights of citizenship of certain persons who migrated from Pakistan	Citizenship provisions for migrants from Pakistan.
7	Rights of citizenship of certain migrants who returned to India	Regulates citizenship for returnees to India.
8	Rights of citizenship of persons of Indian origin residing outside India	Citizenship rules for Indians living abroad.
9	Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State shall lose Indian citizenship	Citizenship ends if a foreign nationality is adopted.
10	Continuance of the rights of citizenship	Ensures continued citizenship for existing citizens.
11	Parliament’s power to regulate citizenship by law	Enables Parliament to make detailed citizenship laws.
12	Definition of the State	Includes Government and Parliament of India, and Government and Legislature of each State.
13	Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of fundamental rights to be void	Any law contrary to fundamental rights is invalid.
14	Equality before the law	Ensures all persons are equal before the law and prohibits discrimination.
15	Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth	No discrimination in access to public places and services.
16	Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment	Provides equal opportunity in government jobs.
17	Abolition of untouchability	Practices of untouchability are abolished and prohibited.
18	Abolition of titles	No citizen shall accept titles from any foreign State.
19	Protection of certain rights regarding freedom	Includes freedoms like speech, assembly, association, movement, and profession.
20	Protection in respect of conviction for offenses	No retrospective punishment, double jeopardy, or self-incrimination.
21	Protection of life and personal liberty	No one can be deprived except by law.
22	Rights during arrest and preventive detention	Safeguards against misuse of power.
23	Prohibition of human trafficking and forced labor	Ensures no person is exploited.
24	Prohibition of child labor in factories, mines, or hazardous work	Children under 14 are protected.
25	Freedom of conscience and religion	Right to practice, profess, and propagate religion.
26	Freedom of religious institutions	Communities may manage their own affairs.
27	No citizen compelled to pay taxes for promotion of religion
28	Religious instruction not allowed in state-funded educational institutions
29	Protection of interests of minorities	Right to preserve language, culture, and education.
30	Right of minorities to establish and manage educational institutions
31	[Repealed]	Earlier dealt with the right to property; now removed.
32	Right to approach the Supreme Court to enforce fundamental rights
33	Parliament may restrict fundamental rights for armed forces, police, or essential services
34	Restrictions on rights during war, external aggression, or emergency
35	Parliament may make laws to implement Constitution provisions
36	Clarifications and definitions for Directive Principles of State Policy
37	Directive Principles are guidelines for governance, not enforceable in courts
38	State shall promote social welfare and reduce inequalities
39	State shall ensure equality, adequate livelihood, health, and education for citizens
40	State shall organize village panchayats for local self-government
41	Right to work, education, and public assistance in certain cases
42	Provision for just and humane working conditions, maternity relief
43	Promotion of cooperative societies for the welfare of worker
44	Uniform civil code for all citizens, respecting equality and secularism
45	Provision for free and compulsory education for children
46	Promotion of educational and economic interests of weaker sections
47	Duty of the State to improve public health and nutrition
48	Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry to ensure productivity
49	Protection of monuments, places, and objects of national importance
50	Separation of judiciary from executive for independence and impartiality
51	Promotion of international peace, justice, and respect for human rights
52	President of India as the constitutional head of the Union
53	Executive power of the Union vested in the President
54	Election of the President by an electoral college
55	Allocation of votes in the Presidential election; voting method
56	President’s term of office and conditions for holding office
57	Eligibility for re-election as President
58	Qualifications for President of India
59	[Repealed]	Earlier dealt with the first presidential election; now removed.
60	Oath or affirmation by the President before assuming office
71	Matters relating to the election of President and Vice-President	Disputes decided by the Supreme Court.
72	Power of President to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment	Applies in cases involving Union laws.
73	Extent of executive power of the Union	Executive power extends to all matters in the Constitution.
74	Council of Ministers to aid and advise President	President acts according to advice, except in certain cases.
75	Other provisions as to Ministers	Appointment, tenure, and responsibilities of Union Ministers.
76	Attorney-General for India	Chief legal advisor to the Government of India.
77	Conduct of business of the Government of India	Matters to be done in President’s name, with advice of Ministers.
78	Duties of the Prime Minister	Keeps President informed, and ensures decisions are taken.
79	Constitution of Parliament	Bicameral legislature: Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha.
80	Composition of Rajya Sabha	Number of representatives from each State and Union Territory.
81	Composition of Lok Sabha	Number of representatives allocated to States and Union Territories.
82	Readjustment of representation after each Census	Redistribution of seats in Parliament.
83	Duration of Houses of Parliament	Lok Sabha: 5 years; Rajya Sabha: permanent with rotation.
84	Qualifications for membership of Parliament	Citizenship, age, and other eligibility criteria.
85	Sessions of Parliament, prorogation, and dissolution	President summons, prorogues, and dissolves Houses.
86	Right of President to address and send messages to Parliament	President can communicate with Parliament.
87	Special address by President at first session after election	President lays out government program.
88	Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses	Participation without voting rights in some cases.
89	Officers of Parliament	Speaker and Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha; Chairman and Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha.
90	Secretariat of Parliament	Staffing and administration of Houses.
91	Right of President to dissolve Lok Sabha	On advice of Council of Ministers.
92	Salaries and allowances of members of Parliament	Determined by law.
93	Speaker and Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha	Election, term, and removal.
94	Chairman and Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha	Election, term, and removal.
95	Salaries and allowances of presiding officers	Determined by Parliament.
96	Special address by President to Parliament	At start of first session after elections.
97	Annual financial statement	President lays before Parliament the budget.
98	Publication of reports, minutes, or proceedings	Certain reports may be published.
99	Recommendations of President to Parliament	President can recommend matters for consideration.
100	Voting in Houses of Parliament	Voting procedures, including voice and division votes.
101	Vacation and disqualification of seats	Conditions for ceasing to be a member.
102	Disqualifications for membership of Parliament	Includes office of profit, unsound mind, or bankruptcy.
103	Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members	Supreme Court decides disputes.
104	Oath or affirmation by members	Before entering Parliament.
105	Powers, privileges, and immunities of Parliament and its members	Freedom of speech and immunity from courts.
106	Salaries and allowances of members of Parliament	Determined by law.
107	Special provisions as to financial Bills	Money Bills start in Lok Sabha.
108	Joint sitting of both Houses	Procedure to resolve deadlock on Bills.
109	Special procedure in respect of Money Bills	Money Bills must be passed within 14 days by Rajya Sabha.
110	Definition of Money Bills	Bills dealing with taxes, borrowing, and expenditure.
111	Assent to Bills by President	President can give assent, withhold, or return (except Money Bills).
112	Annual financial statement	Union Budget prepared by Government.
113	Supplementary, additional, and excess grants	Parliament approves extra expenditures.
114	Appropriation Bills	Authorization of government expenditure.
115	Votes on account, votes of credit, and exceptional grants	Temporary measures for government spending.
116	Special provisions as to financial procedure in certain cases	Extra provisions for unforeseen expenditure.
117	Procedure in Parliament in respect of Bills other than Money Bills	Standard legislative process.
118	Rules of procedure	Houses may make their own rules.
119	Rules of procedure	President may appoint rules for conduct.
120	Language to be used in Parliament	English and Hindi; translation facilities provided.
121	Restrictions on discussion in Parliament about State matters	Parliament cannot discuss State conduct without consent.
122	Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament	Proceedings of Parliament cannot be questioned in courts.
123	Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess	President may issue Ordinances with same force as law.
124	Establishment and constitution of Supreme Court	Supreme Court of India as apex court.
125	Salaries, allowances, and pensions of judges	Determined by law.
126	Acting Chief Justice of Supreme Court	Appointment when office of Chief Justice is vacant.
127	Appointment of ad hoc judges	Temporary judges for Supreme Court in case of need.
128	Attendance of retired judges at sittings	Retired judges may be invited to Supreme Court sittings.
129	Supreme Court as a court of record	Powers to punish for contempt and maintain records.
130	Seat of Supreme Court	Located at New Delhi; Parliament may establish benches elsewhere.
131	Original jurisdiction of Supreme Court	Disputes between Union and States or between States.
132	Appellate jurisdiction in civil cases	Appeals to Supreme Court in civil matters.
133	Appellate jurisdiction in criminal cases	Appeals to Supreme Court in criminal matters.
134	Appellate jurisdiction in certain cases	Special leave to appeal to Supreme Court.
134A	Certificate for appeal to Supreme Court	Procedure for High Court certification for appeal.
135	Orders and rules by Supreme Court	Prescribing rules of practice and procedure.
136	Special leave to appeal by Supreme Court	Supreme Court may grant special leave to appeal.
137	Review of judgments or orders by Supreme Court	Supreme Court may review its own decisions.
138	Enlargement of the Supreme Court	Parliament may increase number of judges.
139	Application of Supreme Court procedures to other courts	Parliament may extend procedures.
140	Ancillary powers of Supreme Court	Powers necessary for administration of justice.
141	Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding	Supreme Court rulings are binding on all courts.
142	Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court	Supreme Court can pass orders to do complete justice.
143	Power of President to consult Supreme Court	President may seek advisory opinions.
144	Binding nature of orders	All authorities must comply with Supreme Court orders.
145	Rules for Supreme Court procedure	Parliament may regulate Supreme Court practices.
146	Officers and staff of Supreme Court	Appointment and conditions of service.
147	Interpretation of Supreme Court provisions	Clarification of powers and rules.
148	Comptroller and Auditor-General of India	Supreme audit authority of India.
149	Duties of Comptroller and Auditor-General	Audit of all Union and State accounts.
150	Form of accounts of Union and States	Standardized accounting methods.
151	Reports of Comptroller and Auditor-General	Presented to President and legislatures.
152	Governor of a State	Constitutional head of a State.
153	Governor of one or more States	Same person may govern multiple States.
154	Executive power of State	Vested in Governor; exercised with Council of Ministers.
155	Appointment of Governor	By President of India.
156	Tenure of Governor	Usually five years; removal by President.
157	Qualifications for Governor	Must be a citizen of India and at least 35 years old.
158	Oath or affirmation by Governor	Before assuming office.
159	Conditions of Governor’s office	Salary, allowances, and privileges.
160	Discharge of Governor’s functions in certain contingencies	President may direct.
161	Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc.	For offenses against State laws.
162	Extent of executive power of State	Executive power in all matters under State control.
163	Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor	Governor acts according to advice, except in special cases.
164	Other provisions as to Ministers	Appointment, tenure, and responsibilities.
165	Advocate-General for State	Chief legal advisor to State Government.
166	Conduct of business of State Government	Matters done in Governor’s name.
167	Duties of Chief Minister	Keep Governor informed; provide information on governance.
168	Constitution of State Legislature	Legislative authority of each State.
169	Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States	Parliament may create or abolish.
170	Composition of Legislative Assembly	Number of representatives for each State.
171	Composition of Legislative Council	Number of members and method of selection.
172	Duration of State Legislatures	Assembly: 5 years; Council: permanent with rotation.
173	Qualifications for membership of State Legislature	Citizenship, age, and other eligibility criteria.
174	Sessions of State Legislature, prorogation, and dissolution	Governor summons, prorogues, and dissolves Houses.
175	Right of Governor to address and send messages to State Legislature	Governor may communicate with Houses.
176	Special address by Governor at first session after election	Lays down government program.
177	Officers of Legislative Assembly	Speaker and Deputy Speaker election and tenure.
178	Officers of Legislative Council	Chairman and Deputy Chairman election and tenure.
179	Secretariat of State Legislature	Staffing and administration of Houses.
180	Appropriation Bills	Authorization of government expenditure.
181	Annual financial statement of the State	Budget prepared by State Government.
182	Supplementary, additional, and excess grants	Parliament approves extra expenditures.
183	Conduct of business of State Government	Matters done in Governor’s name, with advice of Ministers.
184	Powers, privileges, and immunities of State Legislatures and members	Freedom of speech, immunity from courts.
185	Rules of procedure	Houses may make rules for their procedure.
186	Voting in State Legislature	Voice and division votes procedure.
187	Vacation and disqualification of seats	Conditions for ceasing to be a member.
188	Oath or affirmation by members	Before entering State Legislature.
189	Salaries and allowances of members	Determined by State law.
190	Speaker and Deputy Speaker of Legislative Assembly	Election, term, and removal.
191	Chairman and Deputy Chairman of Legislative Council	Election, term, and removal.
192	Salaries and allowances of presiding officers	Determined by State law.
193	Procedure in respect of Bills	Legislative process for passing Bills.
194	Rules of procedure	Houses may regulate own procedures; Governor may appoint rules.
195	Rules regarding publication of reports	Certain reports may be published.
196	Powers of Governor to recommend Bills	Governor may recommend matters to Houses.
197	Assent to Bills by Governor	Governor can give assent, withhold, or reserve for President.
198	Reserved Bills	Certain Bills must be sent to President for consideration.
199	Money Bills	Origin, procedure, and time limits in State Legislature.
200	Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances	During recess, Governor can issue temporary laws.
201	Recommendations of President	Governor must seek President’s approval for certain Bills.
202	Special procedure in respect of Money Bills	Money Bills to be passed quickly in Council.
203	Special address by Governor	At first session after elections, lays down government program.
204	Annual financial statement	State budget prepared by Government.
205	Votes on account and exceptional grants	Temporary expenditure measures.
206	Supplementary, additional, and excess grants	State Legislature approves extra expenditure.
207	Appropriation Bills	Authorization for State expenditure.
208	Procedure in respect of Bills other than Money Bills	Standard legislative process.
209	Rules of procedure	Houses may regulate their own procedure.
210	Officers and staff of State Legislature	Staffing and administration.
211	Language to be used in State Legislature	English and Hindi; translation facilities provided.
212	Power of State Government to issue directions	Governor may issue directives to State authorities.
213	Contingency Fund of State	Governor administers for urgent expenditure.
214	High Court for each State	Establishment of High Court in each State.
215	Constitution of High Court	Composition, judges, and procedure.
216	Appointment of High Court judges	By President on advice of collegium.
217	Conditions of office of High Court judges	Tenure, salaries, and privileges.
218	Oath or affirmation by judges	Before assuming office.
219	Salaries and allowances of judges	Determined by law.
220	Transfer of judges from one High Court to another	President may transfer judges.
221	Power of High Courts to issue certain writs	Enforcement of fundamental rights and other legal rights.
222	Power of President to consult Supreme Court on transfer of judges	For smooth administration of justice.
223	Temporary increase in number of judges	President may authorize additional judges for a High Court.
224	Appointment of acting judges	Temporary judges may be appointed to High Court when needed.
225	Permanent increase in number of judges	Parliament may increase number of judges.
226	Power of High Courts to issue certain writs	Enforcement of rights and legal remedies within State.
227	Power of superintendence over all courts by High Court	Administrative and judicial supervision.
228	Control over subordinate courts	High Court regulates lower courts and tribunals.
229	Appointment of officers of High Court	Staffing and administrative support.
230	Salaries and allowances of High Court officers	Determined by law.
231	High Court for Union Territories	Parliament may establish courts for UTs.
232	Applicability of High Court provisions to UTs	Ensuring uniformity in judicial administration.
233	Appointment of district judges	By President in consultation with High Court.
234	Recruitment and conditions of service of district judges	Prescribed by law.
235	Control over subordinate courts	High Court regulates judges and courts below it.
236	Control over district administration by State Government	Authority to supervise administrative matters.
237	Governor to act in accordance with advice	On certain matters related to administration.
238	Administration of certain Union Territories	President exercises powers through Administrator.
239	Administration of Union Territories	President appoints Administrator; exercises executive power.
240	Powers of President to make regulations for certain UTs	Legislative authority for UT governance.
241	High Court for Union Territories	Establishment and jurisdiction.
242	Application of High Court provisions to Union Territories	Ensures judicial uniformity.
243	Definitions	Panchayati Raj system terms defined.
243A	Gram Sabha	Powers and composition.
243B	Constitution of Panchayats	Organization at different levels.
243C	Composition of Panchayats	Membership rules.
243D	Reservation of seats in Panchayats	SC/ST and women representation.
243E	Duration of Panchayats	Five-year term; dissolution provisions.
243F	Powers, authority, and responsibilities of Panchayats	Governance and planning roles.
243G	Powers of State Legislature with respect to Panchayats	State laws on structure and function.
243H	Meetings of Panchayats	Conduct and quorum.
243I	Preparation of budget	Panchayat financial planning.
243J	Panchayat fund	Source of revenue and management.
243K	State Finance Commission	Financial recommendations for Panchayats.
243L	Audit of Panchayat accounts	Ensures accountability.
243M	Special provisions for certain States	Adaptations for specific State needs.
243N	Powers of Parliament to make provisions for Union Territories	Legislative control over UTs.
243O	Application to certain States	Integration of Panchayati Raj provisions.
243P	Transitional provisions	Implementation procedures.
243Q	Right to information	Access to Panchayat records.
243R	Accountability of Panchayats	Reports, transparency, and governance measures.
243S	Powers to enforce laws and regulations	Central and State oversight.
243T	Election process	State Election Commission authority.
243U	Conduct of elections	Rules and procedures for fair elections.
243V	Dissolution and reconstitution	Conditions and procedures.
243W	State control	Supervision of Panchayats by State Government.
243X	Powers and privileges of Panchayat members	Legal and administrative protections.
243Y	Penalties	Offenses by Panchayat members or officers.
243Z	Miscellaneous provisions	Various rules relating to Panchayati Raj.
244	Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribes	Special provisions for tribal regions.
245	Extent of laws made by Parliament and States	Legislative boundaries defined.
246	Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and States	Union, State, and Concurrent lists.
247	Power of Parliament to provide for States by law	Representation and provisions in certain areas.
248	Residuary powers of legislation	Parliament can legislate on matters not in State or Concurrent lists.
249	Power of Parliament to legislate in national interest	Requires Rajya Sabha resolution.
250	Power of Parliament to legislate during national emergency	Overrides State powers.
251	Inconsistency of laws made during emergency	Resolving conflicts between Union and State laws.
252	Power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States	Requires State consent.
253	Legislation to give effect to international agreements	Ensures compliance with treaties.
254	Inconsistency between Union and State laws	Union law prevails in case of conflict.
255	Rules of procedure for Parliament	Prescribed by each House.
256	Obligation of States and Union to aid in execution of laws	States to enforce Union laws.
257	Control of Union over States in certain matters	Executive guidance.
258	Power of President to entrust functions to Union officers	Ensuring coordination.
259	Restriction on legislation by Parliament during Emergency	Limits Parliament during President’s rule.
260	Adjustment of revenue between Union and States	Financial balancing.
261	Public acts, records, and judicial proceedings	Recognition across States.
262	Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers or river valleys	Tribunal setup.
263	Provisions with respect to an inter-State Council	Coordination between Union and States.
264	Inter-State Water Disputes Tribunal	Appointment and powers.
265	Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law	Legal basis for taxation.
266	Consolidated funds and public accounts of India and States	Government funds management.
267	Contingency fund	Temporary expenditure provision.
268	Duties levied by Union but collected and appropriated by States	Tax administration.
269	Taxes levied and collected by Union but assigned to States	Revenue sharing.
270	Taxes levied and distributed between Union and States	Finance arrangements.
271	Surcharge on certain taxes for purposes of Union	Additional revenue.
272	Taxes not to be levied by Parliament in States without State consent	Respecting State powers.
273	Grants-in-aid of revenues of States	Financial support for States.
274	Recommendations of Finance Commission	Allocation of resources.
275	Grants for specific purposes	Parliament may allocate funds.
276	Taxes on professions, trades, callings, and employments	State power to levy.
277	Miscellaneous financial provisions	Additional rules and clarifications.
278	Definitions and interpretation	Clarification of terms.
279	State control over certain revenues	Guidance and monitoring.
280	Finance Commission	Appointment, powers, and responsibilities for financial distribution.
281	Recommendations of Finance Commission	Implementation of financial allocations.
282	Grants by the Union	Parliament may provide funds to States or institutions.
283	Custody of Consolidated Funds	Funds managed by the Controller General of Accounts.
284	Custody of Contingency Fund	Administered by the Union or State.
285	Exemption from taxes on property of the Union	Ensures smooth functioning of central government.
286	Restrictions on taxing the consumption or sale of goods	Provisions for inter-State trade.
287	Exemption from taxes on electricity	Special Union powers.
288	Exemption from taxes on taxes levied by local bodies	Central authorities exempt.
289	Exemption of certain persons from taxes	Constitutional provisions for specific cases.
290	Burden of taxation	Financial responsibility allocation.
291	Levy of certain duties	Implementation for specific commodities.
292	Borrowing by the Union	Conditions and procedures.
293	Borrowing by States	Limits and conditions for financial borrowing.
294	Consolidated Fund of India and States	Financial management framework.
295	Appropriation of funds	Authorization of government expenditure.
296	Financial rules for Union and States	Regulations for government spending.
297	Grants for relief	Financial aid in emergencies or natural disasters.
298	Power of Union and States to carry on trade	Legal rights for commercial activities.
299	Contracts by the Government	Signing and execution of official agreements.
300	Suits by or against the Government	Legal standing in courts.
301	Freedom of trade, commerce, and intercourse	Ensures smooth inter-State trade.
302	Power of Parliament to impose restrictions	Regulate trade in national interest.
303	Restrictions on State laws	Limitations when Parliament legislates on trade matters.
304	Power of States to impose restrictions	Conditions on trade and commerce.
305	Saving of existing laws	Pre-existing regulations remain effective.
306	[Repealed]	Transitional financial provisions obsolete; managed assets and debts distribution.
307	Appointment of authority for regulating transport	Oversight and management of transport.
308	Extension of certain provisions to Union Territories	Application of State rules.
309	Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving Union or State	Public service rules.
310	All India services	Constitution, appointment, and regulation.
311	Protection in cases of dismissal, removal, or reduction in rank	Safeguards for civil servants.
312	All India Services	Creation by Parliament if necessary for national interest.
313	[Repealed]	Governor emergency powers removed; previously allowed special state administration.
314	[Repealed]	Judges’ term provisions deleted; outdated judicial arrangements removed.
315	Public service commissions for Union and States	Establishment, composition, and role.
316	Appointment and term of office of members	Rules for Commission members.
317	Removal and suspension of members	Conditions and authority.
318	Power to determine number of members, conditions of service, etc.	Administrative provisions.
319	Prohibition of re-appointment after age of retirement	Age limit for members.
320	Functions of Public Service Commissions	Recruitment, advising, and overseeing service matters.
321	Extent of Union or State law to provide for recruitment	Legislative powers over appointments.
322	Expenses of Public Service Commissions	Charged on Consolidated Fund.
323	Reports of Public Service Commissions	Submission and publication of annual reports.
324	Superintendence, direction, and control of elections	Election Commission’s authority.
325	No person to be ineligible on grounds of religion, race, caste, or sex	Equality in elections.
326	Elections to the House of the People and State Legislative Assemblies	Universal adult suffrage.
327	Power of Parliament to regulate elections	Rules and procedures.
328	Power of State Legislature to regulate elections	State-specific electoral rules.
329	Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters	Judicial non-interference in elections.
330	Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes	Ensuring representation.
331	Representation of Anglo-Indians	Special nomination by President.
332	Reservation of seats in State Legislative Assemblies	SC/ST and minority representation.
333	Nomination of Anglo-Indians to State Assemblies	Special provision for minority inclusion.
334	Reservation of seats and special representation	Duration and modifications.
335	Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes	Priority in public employment.
336	Special provision for Civil Posts in Union	Recruitment considerations.
337	Special provision for posts in State services	SC/ST representation.
338	National Commission for Scheduled Castes	Role, powers, and responsibilities.
339	Control of President over Scheduled and Tribal areas	Administration of special regions.
340	Commission to investigate conditions of backward classes	Presidential reference for welfare measures.
341	Scheduled Castes	President may specify and notify SCs in States and Union Territories.
342	Scheduled Tribes	President may specify and notify STs in States and Union Territories.
343	Official language of the Union	Hindi in Devanagari script, with English for official purposes.
344	Commission and Committee for languages	Review and recommend language policies.
345	Official language of States	States may adopt their own official languages.
346	Languages for official purposes of Union and States	Rules governing communication.
347	Special provision relating to language spoken by substantial population	Official recognition if needed.
348	Language for Supreme Court and High Courts	Use of English or Hindi; official publications.
349	Special procedure for enactment of certain laws in Hindi	Parliament can legislate with Hindi provisions.
350	Language to be used in representations	Citizens may submit petitions in any official language.
350A	Facilities for instruction in mother tongue	Educational rights for linguistic minorities.
350B	Special officer for linguistic minorities	Protect minority language rights.
351	Directive for development of Hindi	Promote Hindi as official language.
352	Proclamation of Emergency	National emergency powers, President’s authority.
353	Effect of Proclamation of Emergency	Modification of laws and executive powers.
354	Financial emergency provisions	Special financial powers during emergencies.
355	Duty of Union to protect States	Ensure constitutional governance and security.
356	Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States	President’s rule.
357	Provisions for financial emergency in States	Parliamentary control over State finances.
358	Suspension of Fundamental Rights during national emergency	Certain rights may be restricted.
359	Suspension of rights under Article 19	Presidential orders during emergency.
360	Provisions as to financial emergency	Declaration, powers, and consequences.
361	Protection of President and Governors	Immunity from legal proceedings.
362	Rights under existing laws not affected	Continuity of pre-existing rights.
363	Provisions relating to States under President’s rule	Administrative control during emergencies.
364	Recommendations of Finance Commission	Financial obligations during emergency.
365	Failure of constitutional machinery	President’s responsibility to act.
366	Definitions	Explanation of key terms used in the Constitution.
367	Interpretation	Rules for understanding Constitution’s provisions.
368	Power of Parliament to amend Constitution and procedure	Amendment process and approval.
369	[Repealed]	Financial emergency provisions removed; no longer applicable in Constitution.
370	Temporary provisions for State of Jammu and Kashmir	Special status (now abrogated, mostly historical reference).
371	Special provisions for certain States	State-specific autonomy and development provisions.
372	Continuance of existing laws	Pre-constitutional laws remain unless repealed.
373	Continuance of existing laws in certain cases	Transitional provisions for territories.
374	[Repealed]	State emergency provisions deleted; redundant after constitutional amendments.
375	[Repealed]	Provisions regarding crimes against women removed; outdated legal text.
376	Special provisions relating to trials of judges	Judicial procedures and safeguards.
377	[Repealed]	Obsolete provisions removed; previously addressed legal transitional matters.
378	[Repealed]	No longer relevant; former transitional legal arrangements deleted.
379	[Repealed]	Previously included obsolete rules; fully removed from Constitution.
380	[Repealed]	Transitional provisions outdated; deleted to simplify legal framework.
381	[Repealed]	Earlier temporary legal rules removed; no longer applicable.
382	[Repealed]	Obsolete legislative provisions deleted; served early post-independence period.
383	[Repealed]	Removed transitional rules; unnecessary after Constitution amendments.
384	[Repealed]	Old legal provisions removed; no longer relevant.
385	[Repealed]	Transitional clauses deleted; outdated financial/administrative rules removed.
386	[Repealed]	Obsolete provisions erased; previously part of temporary laws.
387	[Repealed]	Removed transitional legal measures; no longer applied.
388	[Repealed]	Outdated rules deleted; formerly governed administrative matters.
389	[Repealed]	Transitional legal arrangements erased; Constitution updated.
390	[Repealed]	Obsolete provisions removed; formerly managed state administrative matters.
391	[Repealed]	Deleted transitional rules; no longer needed post amendments.
392	[Repealed]	Previous temporary legal provisions removed from Constitution.
393	[Repealed]	Outdated legislative rules deleted; no longer applicable.
394	[Repealed]	Transitional provisions erased; simplified Constitution after amendments.
395	[Repealed]	Obsolete clauses removed; originally addressed early post-independence matters.

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