15 Posts of Medical Officer – Research Officer (Ayurveda), Ministry of Ayush 2021
We have analyzed previous years’ UPSC Ayurvedic Medical Officer and Research Officer exam papers and provided accurate solutions to help you understand concepts clearly.
1. Cause of Mūḍha Garbha
Question: Which one of the following is a cause of Mūḍha Garbha?
(a) Samāna vāyu vaiguṇya
(b) Vyāna vāyu vaiguṇya
(c) Udāna vāyu vaiguṇya
(d) Apāna vāyu vaiguṇya
Answer: (d) Apāna vāyu vaiguṇya
Explanation: Mūḍha Garbha refers to an abnormal fetal position causing obstructed labor, as described in Prasuti Tantra. According to Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, Apāna Vāyu governs the downward movement and expulsion processes, including childbirth. Its dysfunction (vaiguṇya) leads to improper fetal positioning or failure to descend, resulting in Mūḍha Garbha. Other Vāyus like Samāna, Vyāna, and Udāna have different roles (e.g., digestion, circulation, upward movement) and are less directly linked to this condition.
2. Nitya Abhyasi Dravya by Charaka
Question: Which one of the following items is NOT included as a nitya abhyasi dravya by Charaka?
(a) Sainḍhava
(b) Āmlaka
(c) Dadhi
(d) Śaṣtika Śali
Answer: (c) Dadhi
Explanation: In Charaka Samhita (Sutra Sthana, Chapter 5), Charaka lists substances suitable for daily use (nitya abhyasi dravya) to promote health. These include Sainḍhava (rock salt), Āmlaka (Āmla, i.e., Āmalaki, which is beneficial for its Rasayana properties), and Śaṣtika Śali (a type of rice recommended for its light and nourishing qualities). However, Dadhi (curd) is not recommended for daily use as it is heavy, can aggravate Kapha, and may cause Ama formation if consumed regularly, especially in certain seasons like autumn or spring.
3. Jātahāriṇī Condition
Question: The Jātahāriṇī condition, where the female does NOT attain Puṣpa up to the age of 16 years, is termed as:
(a) Puṣpaghnī
(b) Parisrutā
(c) Kaṭambharā
(d) Śuṣka Revatī
Answer: (a) Puṣpaghnī
Explanation: Jātahāriṇī refers to a gynecological condition in Charaka Samhita (Chikitsa Sthana, Chapter 30) where a woman does not menstruate (Puṣpa) by age 16, indicating delayed menarche or primary amenorrhea. This condition is termed Puṣpaghnī, characterized by irregular or absent menstruation due to hormonal imbalances or Artava (menstrual blood) dysfunction. The other options—Parisrutā (related to excessive discharge), Kaṭambharā, and Śuṣka Revatī—are not associated with delayed menarche.
4. Doṣa Vitiated by Kaṣāya Rasa in Pānduroga
Question: Which doṣa is vitiated by eating Kaṣāya Rasa in Pānduroga?
(a) Vāta
(b) Pitta only
(c) Kapha only
(d) Pitta and Kapha
Answer: (a) Vāta
Explanation: Pānduroga (anemia) is primarily a Pitta-dominant condition with Rakta (blood) involvement, as per Charaka Samhita (Chikitsa Sthana, Chapter 16). Kaṣāya Rasa (astringent taste) has qualities like dryness (Ruksha) and coldness (Shita), which aggravate Vāta. In Pānduroga, where the body is already weakened, consuming Kaṣāya Rasa can further imbalance Vāta, leading to symptoms like dryness and fatigue. Pitta and Kapha are less likely to be vitiated by Kaṣāya Rasa in this context.
5. Kaumār Dhūpa Use in Kāśyapa Samhita
Question: According to Kāśyapa Samhita, Kaumār dhūpa is used for:
(a) Apasmāra nāśanaḥ
(b) Sarva Rogagrhāpahaḥ
(c) Graha vaikṛte
(d) Vardhayati Prajāḥ
Answer: (c) Graha vaikṛte
Explanation: In Kāśyapa Samhita, Kaumār Dhūpa is a medicated fumigation therapy used in pediatric care (Kaumarbhritya). It is primarily indicated for Graha Vaikṛte, meaning disorders caused by Graha (spiritual or microbial entities believed to affect children). This aligns with Kāśyapa’s focus on protecting children from such influences. Other options like Apasmāra (epilepsy), Sarva Roga (all diseases), or fertility (Prajāḥ) are not specific to Kaumār Dhūpa’s use.
6. Doṣa Vitiated in Cleft Lip
Question: Which one of the following doṣa is vitiated in cleft lip?
(a) Vāta
(b) Pitta
(c) Kapha
(d) Rakta
Answer: (a) Vāta
Explanation: Cleft lip (Khaṇḍoṣṭha) is a congenital anomaly. In Ayurveda, as per Sushruta Samhita (Nidana Sthana), congenital defects are often attributed to Vāta imbalance during fetal development, as Vāta governs structural formation and movement. Vāta’s vitiation can disrupt embryogenesis, leading to malformations like cleft lip. While Rakta (blood) is involved in fetal nourishment, Vāta is the primary doṣa responsible for such structural anomalies.
7. Symptom of Fifth Month Pregnancy
Question: Which one of the following is a symptom of fifth month pregnancy?
(a) Guru gātratā
(b) Balavarṇahāni
(c) Kārśya
(d) Klāntatam
Answer: (a) Guru gātratā
Explanation: According to Charaka Samhita (Sharira Sthana, Chapter 4), during the fifth month of pregnancy, the fetus grows significantly, leading to increased weight and pressure on the mother. This causes Guru Gātratā (heaviness of the body). Balavarṇahāni (loss of strength and complexion) and Klāntatam (extreme fatigue) may occur later or in pathological states, while Kārśya (emaciation) is not typical during pregnancy.
8. Jihvātālugale Vraṇaḥ as a Symptom
Question: ‘Jihvātālugale Vraṇaḥ’ is a symptom of:
(a) Revatī graha
(b) Śakunī graha
(c) Pūtanā graha
(d) Śvagraha
Answer: (c) Pūtanā graha
Explanation: In Kāśyapa Samhita, Graha disorders in children are associated with specific symptoms. ‘Jihvātālugale Vraṇaḥ’ (ulcers on the tongue, palate, and throat) is a characteristic symptom of Pūtanā Graha, a malevolent entity believed to cause infections or lesions in children. Other Grahas like Revatī, Śakunī, and Śvagraha have different symptom profiles, such as fever or behavioral changes.
9. Size of Uttara-Basti Puṣpa-Netra in Adult Women
Question: What should be the size of the lumen of Uttara-Basti Puṣpa-Netra in adult women?
(a) Flower-stalk of Mālati
(b) Mustard seed
(c) Māṣa seed
(d) Mudga seed
Answer: (c) Māṣa seed
Explanation: Uttara Basti is an Ayurvedic procedure for administering medicated fluids into the uterus or bladder. Sushruta Samhita (Chikitsa Sthana, Chapter 37) specifies that the lumen of the Puṣpa-Netra (nozzle) for Uttara Basti in adult women should be the size of a Māṣa seed (black gram), ensuring safe and effective delivery. Other options like Mālati flower-stalk or smaller seeds (mustard, Mudga) are not appropriate for this purpose.
10. Ārtave sā vimukte tu tatkṣaṇam labhate sukhamQuestion: ‘Ārtave sā vimukte tu tatkṣaṇam labhate sukham’ is a symptom of:
(a) Upaplutā
(b) Udāvartinī
(c) Vāminī
(d) Karṇinī
Answer: (b) Udāvartinī
Explanation: This quote from Charaka Samhita (Chikitsa Sthana, Chapter 30) describes Udāvartinī, a gynecological disorder where menstrual blood (Ārtava) is obstructed due to Vāta, causing pain. When the obstruction is relieved and menstruation occurs (vimukte), the woman immediately feels relief (sukham). Upaplutā, Vāminī, and Karṇinī have different symptom profiles, such as excessive discharge or structural abnormalities.
11. Four Qualities of Drugs by CharakaQuestion: Which of the following are the four qualities of drugs as highlighted by Charaka?
(a) Bahutā, Yogyatvam, Rasopeta, Sampath
(b) Bahutā, Yogyatvam, Anekavidha kalpanā, Sampath
(c) Bahutā, Anekatā, Yogyatā, Sampath
(d) Rasayukta, Veeryayukta, Gunayukta, Vipakayukta
Answer: (b) Bahutā, Yogyatvam, Anekavidha kalpanā, Sampath
Explanation: In Charaka Samhita (Sutra Sthana, Chapter 9), Charaka outlines four qualities of an ideal drug: Bahutā (abundance/availability), Yogyatvam (suitability for the patient), Anekavidha Kalpanā (ability to be formulated in multiple forms), and Sampath (purity/potency). The other options include incorrect or incomplete qualities.
12. Pūrva Rūpa of Vāta Vyādhi by Charaka
Question: According to Charaka, what is Pūrva rūpa of vāta vyādhi?
(a) Śūla
(b) Śoṣa
(c) Avyakta
(d) Grahoviṇmūtratā
Answer: (c) Avyakta
Explanation: In Charaka Samhita (Chikitsa Sthana, Chapter 28), the prodromal symptom (Pūrva Rūpa) of Vāta Vyādhi is described as Avyakta (vague or indistinct symptoms), such as mild discomfort or unease, which later manifest as specific Vāta-related symptoms like pain (Śūla) or wasting (Śoṣa). Grahoviṇmūtratā (obstruction of feces and urine) is a later-stage symptom.
13. Yaḥ spandate pinḍita eva nāṅgaiścirāt saśūlaḥ samagarbhalingaḥ
Question: ‘Yaḥ spandate pinḍita eva nāṅgaiścirāt saśūlaḥ samagarbhalingaḥ’ refers to:
(a) Mūḍagarbha
(b) Līnagarbha
(c) Rakta Gulma
(d) Sāmānya garbha
Answer: (b) Līnagarbha
Explanation: This verse from Sushruta Samhita (Sharira Sthana) describes Līnagarbha, a condition where the fetus is “hidden” or not progressing, with symptoms like spasmodic movements (spandate), a contracted body (pinḍita), lack of limb development (nāṅgaiḥ), and pain (saśūlaḥ). Mūḍagarbha involves malposition, Rakta Gulma is a uterine mass, and Sāmānya Garbha is a normal pregnancy.
14. Mission Indradhanush
Question: Which of the following statements with regard to Mission Indradhanush is/are correct?
- It is an immunization programme against seven vaccine-preventable diseases.
- It was launched in the year 2014 by the Ministry of Ayush.
- All vaccines are available free of cost under the universal immunization programme in India.(a) 1, 2, and 3(b) 1 and 2 only(c) 1 and 3 only(d) 3 only
Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is correct: Mission Indradhanush, launched in 2014, targets seven vaccine-preventable diseases (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, measles, hepatitis B, and tuberculosis).
- Statement 2 is incorrect: It was launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, not the Ministry of AYUSH.
- Statement 3 is correct: Vaccines under India’s Universal Immunization Programme are free.Thus, the correct answer is 1 and 3 only.
15. Positive Glabellar Tap Test
Question: Positive glabellar tap test is suggestive of:
(a) Parkinson’s disease
(b) Raynaud’s disease
(c) Effusion of knee joint
(d) Coma
Answer: (a) Parkinson’s disease
Explanation: The glabellar tap test (Myerson’s sign) involves tapping the forehead between the eyebrows. In Parkinson’s disease, patients fail to suppress blinking (positive sign) due to bradykinesia and rigidity. Raynaud’s disease affects peripheral circulation, knee effusion is a joint condition, and coma involves altered consciousness, none of which are directly related to this test.
16. Drugs in Ṣaḍanga Guggulu
Question: Which of the following drugs are contained in the compound of Ṣaḍanga Guggulu?
- Rāsnā
- Amṛtā
- Marica
- Devadāru(a) 1 and 2 only(b) 1, 2, and 4(c) 2, 3, and 4(d) 1 and 4 only
Answer: (c) 2, 3, and 4
Explanation: Ṣaḍanga Guggulu is a formulation often used for Vāta disorders. Classical texts like Bhaishajya Ratnavali list its ingredients, which typically include Amṛtā (Guduchi), Marica (black pepper), and Devadāru (Cedrus deodara), along with Guggulu and others. Rāsnā is not a standard ingredient in this formulation.
17. Pinda Tailam in Pain
Question: Pinda tailam as a local application during pain is recommended in:
(a) Āmavāta
(b) Asthibhagna
(c) Sandhigata vāta
(d) Vātarakta
Answer: (d) Vātarakta
Explanation: Pinda Tailam, as per Sahasrayogam, is indicated for Vātarakta (gout), characterized by joint pain, inflammation, and redness due to Vāta and Rakta vitiation. Its cooling and anti-inflammatory properties help alleviate symptoms. Āmavāta (rheumatoid arthritis) and Sandhigata Vāta (osteoarthritis) require different oils, and Asthibhagna (fracture) focuses on bone healing rather than oil application for pain.
18. Aṣṭānga Lavaṇa Use
Question: Which one among the diseases mentioned below is treated by the use of Aṣṭānga Lavaṇa?
(a) Sanyāsa
(b) Mūrchā
(c) Kaphaja Madātyaya
(d) Unmāda
Answer: (c) Kaphaja Madātyaya
Explanation: Aṣṭānga Lavaṇa, a formulation in Bhaishajya Ratnavali, is used for Kaphaja Madātyaya (alcohol-induced Kapha disorders), as it helps balance Kapha and improve digestion. Sanyāsa (coma), Mūrchā (fainting), and Unmāda (insanity) require different treatments, often involving Vamana or Shamana therapies.
19. Nirūha and Anuvāsana Basti in Jvara
Question: Caraka has recommended Nirūha and Anuvāsana Basti in management of which one of the following types of Jvara?
(a) Rasadhātugata jvara
(b) Rakatadhātugata jvara
(c) Medogata jvara
(d) Majjāgata jvara
Answer: (d) Majjāgata jvara
Explanation: In Charaka Samhita (Chikitsa Sthana, Chapter 3), Nirūha (decoction enema) and Anuvāsana (oil enema) Basti are recommended for Majjāgata Jvara (fever affecting the bone marrow), as they help eliminate deep-seated toxins and pacify Vāta-Pitta in deeper tissues. Other types of Jvara (Rasadhātugata, Rakatadhātugata, Medogata) are managed with lighter therapies like fasting or oral medications.
20. Vaginal Itching
Question: Vaginal itching is predominantly present in which of the following conditions?
(a) Cervicitis and Trichomoniasis
(b) Bacterial vaginosis and Candidiasis
(c) Candidiasis and Trichomoniasis
(d) Candidiasis and Cervicitis
Answer: (c) Candidiasis and Trichomoniasis
Explanation: Vaginal itching is a hallmark symptom of Candidiasis (yeast infection) due to Candida albicans and Trichomoniasis (a parasitic infection), both of which cause irritation and inflammation. Bacterial vaginosis typically presents with discharge and odor rather than itching, and Cervicitis is more associated with discharge or pain.
21. Maximum Duration for Snehapāna
Question: Which one of the following is the maximum duration indicated for ‘Snehapāna’?
(a) 3 days
(b) 5 days
(c) 7 days
(d) 12 days Answer: (c) 7 days
Explanation: Snehapāna (internal oleation) is a preparatory step for Panchakarma, as per Charaka Samhita (Sutra Sthana, Chapter 13). The maximum duration for Snehapāna is 7 days, as it ensures adequate oleation without causing adverse effects like excessive Ama formation or digestive issues.
22. Vismāpanam Bhayam Procedure
Question: ‘Vismāpanam Bhayam’ is a procedure to manage which one of the following diseases?
(a) Apasmāra
(b) Madātyaya
(c) Mūrchā
(d) Hikkā Answer: (a) Apasmāra
Explanation: ‘Vismāpanam Bhayam’ (creating a sense of fear or shock) is a psychological therapy mentioned in Charaka Samhita (Chikitsa Sthana, Chapter 10) for Apasmāra (epilepsy). It aims to stimulate the patient and balance the mind by counteracting Tamas. This method is not typically used for Madātyaya (alcoholism), Mūrchā (fainting), or Hikkā (hiccups).
23. Rūpa of Vātika Grahaṇī
Question: Which one of the following is NOT a rūpa of Vātika Grahaṇī?
(a) Kanṭhāsya śophaḥ
(b) Manasaḥ Sadanam
(c) Hṛdrogaplīhāśankī
(d) Sriṣt guru varca pravartanam Answer: (d) Sriṣt guru varca pravartanam
Explanation: Vātika Grahaṇī, as per Charaka Samhita (Chikitsa Sthana, Chapter 15), presents with symptoms like Kanṭhāsya Śophaḥ (throat/mouth swelling), Manasaḥ Sadanam (mental fatigue), and Hṛdrogaplīhāśankī (heart/spleen-related symptoms) due to Vāta imbalance. However, Sriṣt Guru Varca Pravartanam (passing heavy, formed stools) is more characteristic of Kaphaja Grahaṇī, not Vātika, which typically involves dry or irregular stools.
24. Viṣamām kurute buddhim nityānitye hitāhite
Question: ‘Viṣamām kurute buddhim nityānitye hitāhite’ are diagnostic features of:
(a) Manovasāda
(b) Yoṣāpasmāra
(c) Atatvābhiniveśa
(d) Unmāda Answer: (c) Atatvābhiniveśa
Explanation: This verse from Charaka Samhita (Nidana Sthana, Chapter 7) describes Atatvābhiniveśa, a mental disorder where the intellect (buddhi) becomes distorted (viṣamām), leading to confusion between what is eternal/temporary (nityānitye) and beneficial/harmful (hitāhite). This aligns with obsessive or delusional thinking. Unmāda involves broader insanity, Manovasāda is depression, and Yoṣāpasmāra is epilepsy in women.
25. Jvara Becomes Nirāmavasta
Question: Jvara becomes Nirāmavasta on:
(a) 5th day
(b) 6th day
(c) 7th day
(d) 8th day Answer: (c) 7th day
Explanation: In Charaka Samhita (Chikitsa Sthana, Chapter 3), Jvara (fever) typically transitions from Āmavasta (with toxins) to Nirāmavasta (without toxins) by the 7th day in acute cases, as the body naturally metabolizes Ama through fever. This timeline can vary in chronic or complicated fevers.
26. EnervationQuestion: What is Enervation?
- Deficiency in nervous strength
- Removal of a nerve
- A device of converting energy
- Neuromuscular relation(a) 1 and 2 only(b) 1, 2, and 3(c) 2, 3, and 4(d) 1 only
Answer: (d) 1 only
Explanation: Enervation refers to a deficiency in nervous strength or energy, often associated with fatigue or weakness in naturopathy and medical contexts. It does not mean surgical nerve removal, energy conversion, or neuromuscular relations, making option 1 the only correct definition.
27. Raktaja Kṛmi by Sushruta
Question: According to Suśruta, which one among the following is NOT a Raktaja Kṛmi?
(a) Nakhāda
(b) Romāda
(c) Keśāda
(d) Leliha Answer: (d) Leliha
Explanation: In Sushruta Samhita (Sutra Sthana, Chapter 54), Raktaja Kṛmi (blood-borne worms) include Nakhāda, Romāda, and Keśāda, which reside in blood and cause symptoms like itching or hair/nail issues. Leliha, however, is classified under Kaphaja Kṛmi (mucous-related worms), not Raktaja.
28. Paridagdhā Kharasparśā Jihvā
Question: ‘Paridagdhā Kharasparśā Jihvā’ is a symptom of:
(a) Viṣama Jvara
(b) Santata Jvara
(c) Anyedyuṣka Jvara
(d) Sannipātika Jvara Answer: (d) Sannipātika Jvara
Explanation: ‘Paridagdhā Kharasparśā Jihvā’ (burning, rough, and scorched tongue) is a symptom of Sannipātika Jvara (fever due to all three Doṣas), as per Charaka Samhita (Chikitsa Sthana, Chapter 3). This fever type involves severe symptoms due to the combined vitiation of Vāta, Pitta, and Kapha, leading to intense heat and dryness in the body.
29. Putitam ṣaṣthi vārāṇi sindūrābham prajāyate
Question: ‘Putitam ṣaṣthi vārāṇi sindūrābham prajāyate’ is the sign of which bhasma?
(a) Nāga
(b) Vanga
(c) Abhraka
(d) Tāmra Answer: (b) Vanga
Explanation: This verse describes the preparation of Vanga Bhasma (tin calx) in Rasashastra texts like Rasatarangini. After 60 putas (incinerations), the Bhasma turns Sindūrābham (vermilion-like red), indicating its readiness. This is specific to Vanga Bhasma, not Nāga, Abhraka, or Tāmra.
30. Prekṣaṇa kūṭa śothaḥ
Question: ‘Prekṣaṇa kūṭa śothaḥ’ is a pūrva rūpa of:
(a) Yakṛta Vikāra
(b) Pāndu
(c) Arśa
(d) Yakṛtaplīhāvṛddhi Answer: (d) Yakṛtaplīhāvṛddhi
Explanation: ‘Prekṣaṇa kūṭa śothaḥ’ (swelling around the eyes or forehead) is a prodromal symptom (Pūrva Rūpa) of Yakṛtaplīhāvṛddhi (hepatosplenomegaly), as per Charaka Samhita (Chikitsa Sthana, Chapter 13). It indicates early liver and spleen enlargement due to fluid retention or inflammation, often linked to Pitta and Rakta imbalance.
31. Śuktapākam kharāngatā
Question: ‘Śuktapākam kharāngatā’ is a symptom of which one of the following:
(a) Agnimāndya
(b) Pravāhikā
(c) Vātika Grahṇī
(d) Sannipātika Grahṇī Answer: (c) Vātika Grahṇī
Explanation: ‘Śuktapākam kharāngatā’ (sour digestion and dryness of the body) is a symptom of Vātika Grahṇī, as per Charaka Samhita (Chikitsa Sthana, Chapter 15). Vāta imbalance in Grahṇī leads to impaired digestion, causing sourness (Śuktapākam) and dryness (Kharāngatā). Agnimāndya involves general digestive weakness, Pravāhikā is dysentery, and Sannipātika Grahṇī involves all three Doṣas.
32. Pancagavya Components
Question: Which one of the following is NOT included in Pancagavya?
(a) Gomaya
(b) Madhu
(c) Gomūtra
(d) Goghṛta
Answer: (b) Madhu
Explanation: Pancagavya, as per Ayurvedic texts like Charaka Samhita (Chikitsa Sthana), consists of five cow products: Gomaya (cow dung), Gomūtra (cow urine), Goghṛta (cow ghee), Dugdha (cow milk), and Dadhi (cow curd). Madhu (honey) is not a cow product and thus not part of Pancagavya, though it is often used in other formulations.
33. Doṣa in Upajihvikā
Question: Which one of the following groups of doṣa is involved in Upajihvikā?
(a) Vāta and Rakta
(b) Pitta and Rakta
(c) Kapha and Vāta
(d) Kapha and Rakta
Answer: (c) Kapha and Vāta
Explanation: Upajihvikā, a condition involving the tonsils or sublingual area, is described in Sushruta Samhita (Nidana Sthana, Chapter 16). It is primarily caused by Kapha (leading to swelling) and Vāta (causing stiffness or pain). Rakta and Pitta are less commonly involved in this condition.
34. Durmela loha dvaya melanaśca
Question: ‘Durmela loha dvaya melanaśca’ is the quality of which one of the following materials?
(a) Vaikrānta
(b) Abhraka
(c) Mākṣika
(d) Haritāla
Answer: (b) Abhraka
Explanation: This phrase from Rasashastra texts like Rasaratna Samuchchaya describes Abhraka (mica), which has the quality of being difficult to mix (Durmela) with two metals (Loha Dvaya Melanaśca) due to its layered structure. This property is unique to Abhraka among the options.
35. Taila for Karṇanāda by ŚārngadharQuestion: Which one of the following taila is advised by Śārngadhar for the treatment of Karṇanāda?
(a) Bilva taila
(b) Pathādi taila
(c) Jātyādi taila
(d) Kshāra taila
Answer: (a) Bilva taila
Explanation: In Sharngadhara Samhita (Uttara Khanda, Chapter 9), Bilva Taila is recommended for Karṇanāda (tinnitus), as it helps balance Vāta and Kapha in the ear. Other oils like Jātyādi Taila are used for wounds, and Kshāra Taila is for different conditions.
36. Product of Sandhāna of Tāla and KharjūraQuestion: Which one of the following products is obtained through the sandhāna of Tāla and Kharjūra?
(a) Surā
(b) Vārunī
(c) Sīdhu
(d) Kadambarī
Answer: (c) Sīdhu
Explanation: Sandhāna (fermentation) of Tāla (palm) and Kharjūra (dates) yields Sīdhu, a type of fermented alcoholic beverage, as per Charaka Samhita (Sutra Sthana, Chapter 27). Surā is made from grains, Vārunī from other sources, and Kadambarī is a different preparation.
37. Instruments for Agni Karma
Question: Which of the following instrument(s) is/are used for ‘Agni Karma’?
- Śarapunkhamukhī
- Jāmbavadana
- Ankuṣavadana
- Baḍiśamukhī
(a) 1, 2, and 3
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2, and 4
(d) 3 only
Answer: (a) 1, 2, and 3
Explanation: In Sushruta Samhita (Sutra Sthana, Chapter 12), Agni Karma (cauterization) uses instruments like Śarapunkhamukhī (arrow-shaped), Jāmbavadana (spoon-shaped), and Ankuṣavadana (hook-shaped) for precise application of heat. Baḍiśamukhī (fish-hook-shaped) is used for other purposes, like extraction.
38. Kvātha for Medo Doṣa by Śārngadhar
Question: Which one of the following Kvātha is advised by Śārngadhar to treat Medo doṣa?
(a) Paṭolādi kvātha
(b) Amṛtādi kvātha
(c) Khadirādi kvātha
(d) Triphalā kvātha
Answer: (d) Triphalā kvātha
Explanation: Sharngadhara Samhita (Madhyama Khanda, Chapter 2) recommends Triphalā Kvātha for Medo Doṣa (obesity/lipid disorders), as it reduces Kapha and Meda through its Lekhana (scraping) action. Other Kvāthas are used for different conditions (e.g., Paṭolādi for skin disorders).
39. Formulation of Mucukunda
Question: Which one of the following is the specific formulation of Mucukunda?
(a) Sudhānśu Taila
(b) Himānśu Taila
(c) Divyānśu Taila
(d) Candrānśu Taila
Answer: (d) Candrānśu Taila
Explanation: Mucukunda (Pterospermum acerifolium) is associated with Candrānśu Taila, a cooling oil used in Pitta disorders, as per classical texts like Bhaishajya Ratnavali. The other options are not linked to Mucukunda.
40. Katu Rasa Drugs with Vṛṣya Karma
Question: Katu Rasa drugs do NOT possess Vṛṣya Karma EXCEPT:
(a) Pippalī and Cavya
(b) Śunthī and Kirātatikta
(c) Pippalī and Śunthī
(d) Bhūmyāmalakī and Śatāvarī
Answer: (c) Pippalī and Śunthī
Explanation: Katu Rasa (pungent taste) generally reduces Shukra (semen) and is not Vṛṣya (aphrodisiac), as per Charaka Samhita (Sutra Sthana, Chapter 26). However, Pippalī and Śunthī are exceptions, as they are known to have Vṛṣya properties due to their Deepana (digestive) and Rasayana effects. Cavya, Kirātatikta, Bhūmyāmalakī, and Śatāvarī (which is Madhura, not Katu) do not fit this exception.
41. Mūlinī Drugs for Vamana
Question: Among Mūlinī drugs,
which three are used for Vamana?
(a) Aparājitā, Jyotiṣmatī, and Gavākṣī
(b) Dravantī, Ajagandhā, and Kṣīriṇī
(c) Śyāmā, Śātalā, and Gavākṣī
(d) Śaṇapuṣpī, Bimbī, and Haimavatī Answer: (a) Aparājitā, Jyotiṣmatī, and Gavākṣī
Explanation: Mūlinī drugs (root-based) are listed in Charaka Samhita (Sutra Sthana, Chapter 4). Aparājitā, Jyotiṣmatī, and Gavākṣī are known for their emetic (Vamana) properties, used to expel Kapha and Pitta. Dravantī is also emetic but not paired with Ajagandhā and Kṣīriṇī for this purpose. The other options are not primarily emetic.
42. Mahābhūtas Responsible for Rasas
Question: Which of the following are responsible for the specific expression of Rasas?
(a) Jala, Pṛthvī, and Agni
(b) Ākāśa, Vāyu, and Agni
(c) Pṛthvī, Vāyu, and Agni
(d) Agni, Jala, and Vāyu
Answer: (a) Jala, Pṛthvī, and Agni
Explanation: As per Charaka Samhita (Sutra Sthana, Chapter 26), the specific expression of Rasas (tastes) is determined by the combination of Mahābhūtas: Pṛthvī (earth) and Jala (water) contribute to Madhura (sweet), Agni (fire) to Katu (pungent) and Tikta (bitter), and their combinations form other tastes. Ākāśa and Vāyu are less directly involved in taste expression.
43. Disease NOT Included in Vata Nānātmaja Vyādhi
Question: Which one of the following diseases is NOT included in Vata nānātmaja vyādhi?
(a) Pāda Suptata
(b) Udāvarta
(c) Manyāstambha
(d) Āmavāta
Answer: (d) Āmavāta
Explanation: Vata Nānātmaja Vyādhi (diseases solely due to Vāta) are listed in Charaka Samhita (Sutra Sthana, Chapter 20) and include Pāda Suptata (numbness of feet), Udāvarta (upward Vāta movement), and Manyāstambha (neck stiffness). Āmavāta (rheumatoid arthritis) involves both Vāta and Kapha with Ama, making it a Samkirna Vyādhi, not Nānātmaja.
44. Synonym of Jātīphala Rasa
Question: Jātīphala Rasa is a synonym of:
(a) Jātī
(b) Jātīphala
(c) Āmalaka
(d) Jātīkośa
Answer: (b) Jātīphala
Explanation: Jātīphala Rasa refers to the taste of Jātīphala (nutmeg, Myristica fragrans), which is Katu (pungent) and Tikta (bitter), as per Bhavaprakasha Nighantu. Jātī and Jātīkośa are related but distinct, and Āmalaka has a different taste profile (Amla).
45. Mahābhūtas of Amla Rasa by Charaka
Question: According to Caraka Samhita, which of the following are the main Mahābhūtas constituting Amla Rasa?
(a) Agni and Vāyu
(b) Vāyu and Jala
(c) Jala and Agni
(d) Pṛthvī and Agni
Answer: (d) Pṛthvī and Agni
Explanation: In Charaka Samhita (Sutra Sthana, Chapter 26), Amla Rasa (sour taste) is formed by the predominance of Pṛthvī (earth, providing substance) and Agni (fire, contributing to the sourness and heat). Jala and Agni form Madhura, while Vāyu combinations lead to other tastes.
46. Guna of Śilajatu by Charaka
Question: According to Caraka, which one of the following is NOT included in the guna of Śilajatu?
(a) Anamla
(b) Katu vipaka
(c) Anuṣna sīta
(d) Madhura rasa
Answer: (d) Madhura rasa
Explanation: In Charaka Samhita (Chikitsa Sthana, Chapter 1), Śilajatu is described as having Anamla (not sour), Katu Vipaka (pungent post-digestion), and Anuṣna Sīta (neither hot nor cold) properties. However, its Rasa is primarily Tikta (bitter) and Kaṣāya (astringent), not Madhura (sweet).
47. Asta Doṣa of Sthaulya
Question: Which one of the following is NOT among the Asta Doṣa of Sthaulya?
(a) Javoparodha
(b) Dourbalya
(c) Dourgandya
(d) Arohanāyasa
Answer: (d) Arohanāyasa
Explanation: The Asta Doṣa (eight defects) of Sthaulya (obesity) in Charaka Samhita (Sutra Sthana, Chapter 21) include Javoparodha (reduced agility), Dourbalya (weakness), and Dourgandya (foul odor). Arohanāyasa (difficulty climbing) is a symptom of Sthaulya but not listed among the eight defects, which focus on systemic complications.
48. Causes of Kukūṇaka
Question: Kukūṇaka is caused by:
- Stanya prakopa
- Kapha and Rakta
- Dantotpatti(a) 1 and 3 only(b) 1, 2, and 3(c) 2 and 3 only(d) 1 only
Answer: (b) 1, 2, and 3
Explanation: Kukūṇaka, a pediatric eye disorder in Sushruta Samhita (Uttara Tantra, Chapter 19), is caused by Stanya Prakopa (vitiated breast milk), Kapha and Rakta imbalance (leading to inflammation), and Dantotpatti (teething, which aggravates Doṣas). All three factors contribute to this condition.
49. Nerve of Taste for Anterior 2/3rd of Tongue
Question: Which one of the following is the nerve of taste for the anterior 2/3rd of tongue?
(a) Trigeminal Nerve
(b) Glossopharyngeal Nerve
(c) Chorda tympani Nerve
(d) Vagus Nerve
Answer: (c) Chorda tympani Nerve
Explanation: The Chorda Tympani Nerve (a branch of the facial nerve, CN VII) supplies taste sensation to the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue. The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX) supplies the posterior 1/3rd, the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) handles touch/pain, and the Vagus Nerve (CN X) is for the throat.
50. Colles’s Fracture
Question: Colles’s Fracture is defined as:
(a) ‘Radius’ fracture about 2 cm above its lower end
(b) ‘Ulna’ fracture at its lower end
(c) Dorsal fracture of lower end of ‘Ulna’
(d) ‘Scaphoid’ fracture
Answer: (a) ‘Radius’ fracture about 2 cm above its lower end
Explanation: Colles’s Fracture is a distal radius fracture, typically 2 cm above the wrist, with dorsal displacement, often caused by a fall on an outstretched hand. The other options describe different fractures unrelated to Colles’s.
51. Incorrectly Matched Upakramas
Question: Which one of the following pairs of ‘upakramas’ is NOT correctly matched?
(a) Langhana – Brumhaṇa
(b) Rukṣaṇa – Snehana
(c) Swedana – Stambhana
(d) Snehana – Swedana
Answer: (d) Snehana – Swedana
Explanation: Upakramas are therapeutic measures in Ayurveda. Langhana (reducing) and Brumhaṇa (nourishing), Rukṣaṇa (drying) and Snehana (oleation), and Swedana (sudation) and Stambhana (astringent) are opposing pairs used to balance Doṣas. However, Snehana (oleation) and Swedana (sudation) are complementary, not opposing, as they are often used together in Panchakarma.
52. Aṣṭavidha Śastra Karma
Question: Which one of the following is NOT included in Aṣṭavidha Śastra Karma?
(a) Lekhana
(b) Eṣaṇa
(c) Āharaṇa
(d) Nirdhamāpana
Answer: (d) Nirdhamāpana
Explanation: Aṣṭavidha Śastra Karma (eight surgical procedures) in Sushruta Samhita (Sutra Sthana, Chapter 5) includes Lekhana (scraping), Eṣaṇa (probing), and Āharaṇa (extraction), along with Chedana, Bhedana, Visravaṇa, Vedhana, and Sīvana. Nirdhamāpana (likely a typo for Nirdhāraṇa or another term) is not part of this list.
53. Āyataśca Viśalaśca Suvibhakto Nirāśrayaḥ
Question: ‘Āyataśca Viśalaśca Suvibhakto Nirāśrayaḥ’ is a sign of which one of the following?
(a) Praśasta Vraṇa
(b) Nāḍi Vraṇa
(c) Best surgeon
(d) Operation theatre
Answer: (a) Praśasta Vraṇa
Explanation: This verse from Sushruta Samhita (Sutra Sthana, Chapter 23) describes Praśasta Vraṇa (an ideal wound), which is long (Āyata), wide (Viśala), well-divided (Suvibhakto), and independent (Nirāśrayaḥ), indicating a surgically created wound that heals well. It does not describe Nāḍi Vraṇa, a surgeon, or an operation theatre.
54. Śastra for Excision and Scraping
Question: Which one of the following is appropriate Śastra for excision and scraping?
(a) Karpatra Śastra
(b) Vṛddhipatra Śastra
(c) Kuśapatra Śastra
(d) Utpalapatra Śastra
Answer: (a) Karpatra Śastra
Explanation: In Sushruta Samhita (Sutra Sthana, Chapter 8), Karpatra Śastra (saw-like instrument) is suitable for excision (Chedana) and scraping (Lekhana) due to its serrated edge. Vṛddhipatra, Kuśapatra, and Utpalapatra are used for other purposes like incision or probing.
55. Bandha on Sandhi
Question: Which one of the following is appropriate bandha on Sandhi?
(a) Tight bandage
(b) Loose bandage
(c) Neither tight nor loose bandage
(d) Very tight bandage
Answer: (c) Neither tight nor loose bandage
Explanation: In Sushruta Samhita (Chikitsa Sthana, Chapter 3), bandaging a Sandhi (joint) should be neither tight nor loose to allow movement while providing support, preventing swelling or stiffness. Tight or very tight bandages can impair circulation, while a loose bandage offers insufficient support.
56. Property of Kṣāra
Question: Which one of the following is NOT a property of Kṣāra?
(a) Aviṣyandī
(b) Śukla
(c) Śiva
(d) Sarpitā
Answer: (d) Sarpitā
Explanation: Kṣāra (alkali) in Sushruta Samhita (Sutra Sthana, Chapter 11) has properties like Aviṣyandī (non-oozing), Śukla (white), and Śiva (beneficial). Sarpitā (likely a typo for Sarpatā, meaning serpentine) is not a recognized property of Kṣāra.
57. Symptom NOT in Jāngama Viṣa Prabhāva
Question: Which one of the following symptoms is NOT included in ‘Jāngama Viṣa Prabhāva’?
(a) Tandra
(b) Jvara
(c) Dāha
(d) Śotha
Answer: (a) Tandra
Explanation: Jāngama Viṣa (animal poison) effects in Sushruta Samhita (Kalpa Sthana, Chapter 8) include Jvara (fever), Dāha (burning sensation), and Śotha (swelling) due to the inflammatory response. Tandra (drowsiness) is more associated with Sthāvara Viṣa (plant poison) or other conditions, not typically Jāngama Viṣa.
58. Kaphaj Eye Disorders by Sushruta
Question: According to Suśruta, what is the number of Kaphaj eye disorders?
(a) 13
(b) 28
(c) 67
(d) 76
Answer: (a) 13
Explanation: In Sushruta Samhita (Uttara Tantra, Chapter 1), 76 total eye disorders are classified by Doṣa. Of these, 13 are Kaphaja (Kapha-dominant), such as Śleṣmavidagdha Dṛṣṭi, characterized by symptoms like excessive tearing and heaviness.
59. Yāpya Eye Disorder
Question: Which eye disorder is Yāpya?
(a) Pothakī
(b) Lagaṇa
(c) Kāca
(d) Nimiṣa
Answer: (c) Kāca
Explanation: In Sushruta Samhita (Uttara Tantra, Chapter 6), Kāca (cataract) is classified as Yāpya (manageable but not fully curable without surgery). It can be maintained with palliative treatments, but surgical intervention (Chedana) is often required. Pothakī, Lagaṇa, and Nimiṣa are more treatable conditions.
60. Tāmrā Tanvī Dāhaśūlopapannā
Question: ‘Tāmrā Tanvī Dāhaśūlopapannā’ is a sign of:
(a) Parvaṇī
(b) Kṛmigranthi
(c) Alajī
(d) Kumbhikā
Answer: (c) Alajī
Explanation: ‘Tāmrā Tanvī Dāhaśūlopapannā’ (coppery, thin, with burning and pain) is a symptom of Alajī, a Pitta-dominant eye disorder in Sushruta Samhita (Uttara Tantra, Chapter 3), characterized by inflammation and redness. Parvaṇī, Kṛmigranthi, and Kumbhikā have different presentations.
