CrackTarget

Month: July 2025

  • Study Material on Union Budget 2025-26 of India

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    Official Budget Document Published by Govt of India The Union Budget 2025-26, presented by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on February 1, 2025, serves as the annual financial statement of the Government of India, outlining estimated receipts and expenditures for the fiscal year April 1, 2025, to March 31, 2026. This budget emphasizes inclusive development under…

  • UPSC EPFO EO/AO APFC Exam Syllabus

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    (2023 Vs 2025) EPFO EO/AO & APFC (2023 vs 2025) Sl. No. 2023 Syllabus Current Syllabus 2025 Changes/Remarks 1. (a) General English – understanding of English & workman-like use of words i) General English – understanding of English & workman-like use of words ✅ No change 2. (b) Indian Culture, Heritage & Freedom Movements &…

  • Study Notes on the Constitution of India

    Study Notes on the Constitution of India

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    Historical Background and Drafting Process The Constitution of India emerged from the historical context of British colonial rule, which lasted from 1858 to 1947, with India operating as a dominion under the Government of India Act, 1935, and the Indian Independence Act, 1947, until 1950. Early influences included the Nehru Report of 1928, drafted by…

  • Fundamental Accounting Assumptions as per Accounting Standard-1 (AS-1)

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    Structure of the Study Material 1. Overview of AS-1 and Fundamental Accounting Assumptions Accounting Standard-1 (AS-1), titled “Disclosure of Accounting Policies,” is a foundational standard under Indian GAAP that governs the preparation and presentation of financial statements. It mandates the disclosure of significant accounting policies adopted by an entity to ensure transparency and comparability. AS-1…

  • Study Material: Classification of Capital and Revenue Items in Accounting

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    1. Definitions and Key Principles In accounting, transactions are classified as capital or revenue based on their nature, recurrence, and impact on the entity’s financial structure. This classification adheres to principles outlined in accounting standards such as Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) or Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), which emphasize substance over form. Key Principles…

  • History of Trade Unions in India

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    Pre-Independence Phase (Late 19th Century to 1947) This period marked the nascent stages of organized labor movements, driven by the growth of industries such as textiles and jute mills, poor working conditions, and inspirations from international labor developments. Post-Independence Phase (1947 Onward) Post-independence, unions proliferated under a socialist framework, though political affiliations and economic liberalization…

  • International Labour Organization (ILO) conventions and Adopted by India

    International Labour Organization (ILO) conventions and Adopted by India

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    India, as a founding member of the International Labour Organization (ILO) since 1919, has actively engaged with the organization’s framework for promoting social justice and labor rights. The ILO establishes international labor standards through conventions, which are legally binding treaties upon ratification by member states, and recommendations, which provide non-binding guidelines. As of July 2015,…

  • A Comprehensive Guide to the Cooperative Societies Act, 1912

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    Introduction and Overview The Cooperative Societies Act, 1912, governs the registration, regulation, and functioning of cooperative societies in India. It promotes economic cooperation, mutual aid, and democratic member control, particularly in sectors like agriculture, credit, and housing. Aspect Details Enactment Date March 2, 1912 Effective Date March 2, 1912 Applicability Cooperative societies (agriculture, credit, housing,…

  • A Comprehensive Guide to the Employees’ Compensation Act, 1923

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    Introduction and Overview The Employees’ Compensation Act, 1923, is a foundational social security law in India, aimed at providing financial compensation to workers or their dependents in cases of injury, disability, or death arising from employment-related accidents or occupational diseases. Enacted on March 5, 1923, and effective from July 1, 1924, it replaced the earlier…

  • A Comprehensive Guide to the Payment of Wages Act, 1936

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    Introduction and Overview The Payment of Wages Act, 1936, is a pivotal labor legislation in India, designed to ensure timely and full payment of wages to workers while preventing unauthorized deductions, thereby safeguarding their financial security. Enacted on April 23, 1936, and effective from March 28, 1937, it primarily targets low-wage workers in industrial and…