EDIFAR was SEBI’s electronic platform on which listed companies used to file financial and other information under the listing agreement. It was discontinued from 1 April 2010 and later replaced by systems such as SCORES, NEAPS/BSE Listing Centre and now the unified filing architecture. The acronym is often confused with the US SEC’s EDGAR (Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval).

Several 2024–25 industry surveys (notably BCG-type workplace AI adoption studies) placed India at the top for share of workers using AI tools frequently. Do not mix this with Stanford’s Global AI Vibrancy Index, where India is typically 3rd after the US and China, or with per-capita adoption rankings where India is much lower.

Exercise Agni Warrior is held under the India–Singapore Army Bilateral Agreement. Recent editions featured joint live firing of howitzers. Do not confuse with Bold Kurukshetra (mechanised / armour, also with Singapore), SIMBEX (navy) or Garuda Shakti (Indonesia).

SAFTA (South Asian Free Trade Area) members are the SAARC eight: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Senegal is a West African country and an ECOWAS / AfCFTA member — a classic “odd one out” distractor.

MoSPI announced the membership. The committee studies how big data and data science can support official statistics and SDG monitoring. India’s talking points: Data Innovation Lab, satellite imagery, IoT and machine learning in the National Statistical System.

Central: Mahila Samridhi Yojana under NSKFDC / NBCFDC (Ministry of Social Justice) — concessional micro-credit and training for women from safai karamchari / backward-class target groups.
State (high-visibility in 2025): Delhi’s Mahila Samridhi Yojana — monthly DBT of ₹2,500 to eligible women, with a large budget outlay.
Do not confuse with Mahila Samman Savings Certificate (7.5%, 2-year small-savings instrument announced in Budget 2023).

Proclaimed at UNESCO’s 40th General Conference in 2019 to promote creation, access and arts education.

Under the Jalan Committee framework, RBI maintains a Contingent Risk Buffer within a range (revised over time; recently discussed around 4.5%–7.5% of the balance sheet). Surplus transferable to the Government is decided after risk provisioning. Capital here is not “share capital” like a commercial bank; it is economic capital / contingency buffers.

Treasury Bills are short-term Government of India securities. They carry no periodic coupon; return = face value minus issue price. They are eligible SLR instruments and are used for cash-management. Cash Management Bills (CMBs) are similar but ad-hoc and very short tenor.

Hygiene (extrinsic): pay, job security, working conditions, company policy, supervision. Motivators (intrinsic): achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility, advancement. Removing hygiene issues does not motivate; it only stops dissatisfaction.

Do not mix X/Y (Douglas McGregor) with Z (William Ouchi). Theory Y assumes people can be self-directed. Theory Z emphasises organisational culture, implicit control and holistic concern for employees.

Key rules (as updated in PFRDA’s Vatsalya guidelines): Indian citizen / NRI / OCI below 18; minimum contribution ₹250; no upper cap; partial withdrawal after 3 years, up to 25% of own contributions, for education / specified illness / disability >75%; max two withdrawals before 18 and two more between 18–21. At 18: continue till 21, shift to regular NPS, or exit (full withdrawal if corpus ≤ ₹8 lakh; else up to 80% lump sum + at least 20% annuity). Additional 80CCD(1B) deduction of ₹50,000 is available to the contributing parent under the old regime.

Illustrative monthly contribution for ₹5,000 pension: age 18 → ₹210; age 40 → ₹1,454. Minimum contribution span is 20 years (hence the 40-year cap). Income-tax payers are ineligible (rule from 2022). Government co-contribution applied only to early joiners in the original window. Frequency: monthly / quarterly / half-yearly.

Contrast with autocratic (high control), democratic / participative (shared decisions) and transactional / transformational styles. Works only with expert, self-motivated teams; fails when direction or accountability is weak.

Do not write IRDAI or PFRDA for mutual funds. PFRDA regulates NPS / APY / pension funds, not MFs. Multi-regulator questions often put “which regulator for which product” in one stem.

BRSR Core is a smaller KPI set requiring assessment / assurance on a glide path: top 150 → 250 → 500 → 1,000 (FY 2026–27). It replaced the older Business Responsibility Report (BRR).

After price discovery, a final prospectus / offer document is filed. It is “red herring” because a warning (traditionally printed in red) states that information is incomplete on price/size.

Other directions: downward (orders, policies), horizontal / lateral (peer to peer), diagonal, and informal grapevine. Memory-based analysis also mentioned grapevine in the same paper.

Government securities include Treasury Bills, Cash Management Bills, dated G-Secs (fixed / floating / inflation-indexed), Sovereign Gold Bonds and State Development Loans. Special securities (oil / fertiliser bonds) are also government paper. Corporate bonds are not G-Secs.

Separately, IEPFA (Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority) under the Companies Act, 2013 (Section 125) receives unclaimed dividends, deposits and shares. Do not mix exchange IPF with IEPF.

Unpaid / unclaimed dividend after 30 days goes to the Unpaid Dividend Account within the next 7 days (Section 124). After 7 years it moves to IEPF.

Governed by Companies Act, 2013 and SEBI (Share Based Employee Benefits and Sweat Equity) Regulations for listed companies. Typical exam points: vesting period, exercise period, and that ESOP is not the same as sweat equity or ESPS (purchase scheme). Some memory-based comments referred to service / vesting requirements.

One subscriber, one PRAN (portable across jobs and cities). Printed on the PRAN card. CRA entities include Protean (NSDL e-Gov), KFintech and CAMS. ePRAN / eNPS is the digital face of the same number.

Seven classic wastes: transport, inventory, motion, waiting, over-production, over-processing, defects (TIMWOOD). Tools: 5S, JIT, kanban, poka-yoke, SMED, value-stream mapping. Closely linked to Kaizen and TPS.

Flow: Sales − COGS = Gross Profit − operating expenses = EBIT − interest = PBT − tax = PAT. PAT is the base for EPS, reserves and (subject to Section 123) dividend. Memory-based papers also mixed this with absorption costing / factory overhead figures.

Primary = agriculture, mining, fishing, forestry. Tertiary = services. Some classifications put utilities separately, but exam key is secondary.

During risk-off episodes (war, sudden US rate moves) FPI outflows and oil spikes pressure the rupee. RBI uses spot sales, deliverable forwards and buy-sell or sell-buy swaps. A forward–forward (or FX swap roll) lets the central bank shift the maturity of existing forward book — tightening or easing dollar liquidity at a chosen tenor — while keeping the spot market orderly.

CAG is appointed by the President, holds office for 6 years or till age 65, whichever is earlier, and can be removed like a Supreme Court judge. Reports are laid before Parliament / State legislatures and examined by PAC.

DMADV (Define–Measure–Analyse–Design–Verify) is used to design new processes. Belts: White / Yellow / Green / Black / Master Black. Memory-based chat also mentioned “which belt if Six Sigma is done along with other job duties” — typically Green Belt.

Types: fiat-backed, crypto-collateralised, algorithmic (the fragile type). They are used for payments and on-chain settlement. India has not notified a domestic stablecoin regime; RBI has been cautious and ran the e-rupee (CBDC) pilot instead.

Policy flavour: Keynesians emphasise demand management and fiscal policy in a slump; Friedman / monetarists emphasise money supply, rules and the natural rate. Related names: Modigliani (life-cycle), Duesenberry (relative income).

Quick / acid-test ratio excludes inventory and prepaid expenses. Cash ratio is still narrower. A very high current ratio can mean idle current assets.

Contrast with target costing, which designs cost out before production starts. Kaizen costing sets periodic cost-reduction targets for plants and teams.

Cost per unit = total batch cost ÷ number of units in the batch. Related methods: job costing (unique jobs), contract costing (large construction), process costing (continuous flow), unit costing, operating costing.

Standard cycle: Journal → Ledger → Trial Balance → Adjustments → Adjusted TB → Trading & P&L → Balance Sheet → Closing entries. Many MCQs treat “preparation of final accounts” or “communicating / interpreting results” as the last step, depending on options.

SEBI has restricted listed companies and intermediaries from using unregistered financial influencers, tightened advertisement norms, and separately expanded Direct Market Access / algo-trading guardrails. The “pragmatic” idea: allow information and education, but stop paid, unregistered, incentive-driven tips that look like investment advice.

Issuers must hold 1:1 liquid reserves (dollars, short-term Treasuries, etc.), make reserve disclosures, and be federally or state-supervised. Payment stablecoins are treated as neither securities nor commodities under the Act. Linked directly to Q.30 on stablecoins.

The event is a veterans / legends T20 championship. Sports one-liners in PFRDA are usually winner + sport + year.

IAI is a statutory body under the Actuaries Act, 2006; nodal ministry is the Department of Financial Services. Actuaries design pension, insurance and social-security products — hence the question in a PFRDA paper.

Launched in July 2025, RailOne combines reserved and unreserved booking, PNR, live tracking, RailMadad, e-catering, platform tickets and refunds — services earlier split across IRCTC Rail Connect, UTS, NTES and RailMadad.

Iraq’s 2024 MPI uses five dimensions (education, health, living standards, employment, shocks). National MPI fell to about 10.8%. India already publishes an NITI Aayog National MPI; the exam asked the new partner country in the news.

Core debate: cap on primary plastic production vs downstream waste-management only; financing for developing countries; and treatment of chemicals of concern. Several INC rounds (including Busan and later sessions) ended without a final text, so “status of talks + India’s stand” is the exam angle.