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Tag: politics

  • Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020

    Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020

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    Comprehensive Study Material: Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 (OSH Code) is a landmark legislation in India that consolidates and amends 13 previous labor laws related to occupational safety, health, and working conditions. It replaces acts such as the Factories Act, 1948; Mines Act,…

  • Code on Wages, 2019

    Code on Wages, 2019

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    Comprehensive Study Material on the Code on Wages, 2019 Introduction The Code on Wages, 2019 (CoW 2019) is a landmark legislation in India’s labour reform agenda, enacted on August 8, 2019, to consolidate and amend four existing central laws: the Payment of Wages Act, 1936; the Minimum Wages Act, 1948; the Payment of Bonus Act,…

  • Industrial Relations Code, 2020

    Industrial Relations Code, 2020

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    Comprehensive Study Material on the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 Introduction The Industrial Relations Code, 2020 (IRC 2020) is a pivotal piece of legislation in India’s labour law reforms, enacted as part of a broader initiative to consolidate and modernize outdated labour laws. Introduced in Parliament on September 19, 2020, and passed amidst significant debate, it…

  • Finance Commission of India

    Finance Commission of India

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    Comprehensive Study Material Introduction to Finance Commission The Finance Commission (FC) is a constitutional body established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution. It is formed every five years (or earlier if needed) to address fiscal imbalances between the Centre and the States, ensuring equitable distribution of financial resources. The FC acts as a mechanism…

  • Opening Up of the Indian Economy

    Opening Up of the Indian Economy

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    Balance of Payments, Exchange Rates, Types of Currencies, and Management This study material is designed for aspirants preparing for competitive exams like UPSC, banking, or economics-related tests on cracktarget.com. It covers the key topics in a structured, easy-to-understand format with definitions, explanations, examples, tables, and visuals. Focus on understanding concepts, historical context (especially the 1991…

  • Regional Economic Cooperation

    Regional Economic Cooperation

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    Comprehensive Study Material for CrackTarget.com Welcome to this detailed study guide on key regional economic cooperation organizations and initiatives. This material is tailored for competitive exams like UPSC, SSC, and others, focusing on definitions, objectives, members, India’s role, achievements, challenges, and recent developments as of November 2025. Use the tables for quick revision, and memorize…

  • Detailed Study Materials: Poverty Alleviation and Employment for UPSC EPFO Exam

    Detailed Study Materials: Poverty Alleviation and Employment for UPSC EPFO Exam

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    1. Types of Poverty Conceptual Framework Poverty refers to the inability to meet basic needs — food, shelter, clothing, healthcare, and education — due to insufficient resources. It is multidimensional, encompassing social exclusion, lack of opportunities, and deprivation of dignity. Poverty alleviation policies aim to break the cycle of deprivation, often linked with employment generation,…

  • UPSC EPFO Style Objective Review Questions: Measurement of Growth

    UPSC EPFO Style Objective Review Questions: Measurement of Growth

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    Measurement of Growth in Economics Measurement of growth refers to the ways economists quantify the expansion of an economy’s productive capacity and output over time. Key concepts include the circular flow of income, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), macroeconomic identities, distinctions between growth, welfare, and development, and market structures that influence economic behavior. These elements help…

  • Study Materials: Elasticity of Demand

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    1. Concept of Elasticity of Demand Overview Elasticity of demand is a measure of how sensitive the quantity demanded of a good or service is to a change in one of its determinants, such as price, income, or the price of related goods. It quantifies the percentage change in quantity demanded relative to a percentage…

  • Indian Labour Laws – UPSC Level MCQs EPFO APFC

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    Factories Act, 1948 Minimum Wages Act, 1948 Payment of Wages Act, 1936 Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948 Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 Employees’ Compensation Act, 1923 Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970 Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 Child…